Tracer properties of eroded sediment and source material

This paper examines the conservativeness of tracers through the sediment generation process. This is done by comparing a selection of tracer properties of sediment eroded from large plots by simulated rainfall, with the corresponding properties of the source materials within the plots. Sediment was generated using three simulated rainfall events for each of five selected erosion source types in the Tarago catchment, Victoria, Australia. As there were particle size and organic content differences between the source material and the generated sediment, the measured tracer properties of the source material were corrected for these differences. The possible role of analytical errors in this investigation was also addressed. The geochemical property, concentration of Fe₂O₃, was not conservative for any of the process sources investigated. Concentration of Al₂O₃ was not conservative for three of the four process sources investigated, and the sum of molecular proportions of CaO**, Na₂O, K₂O and Al₂O₃ was not conservative for two of the four process sources investigated. Mineral magnetic properties, IRM₈₅₀ and χ were also found to be not conservative, although this may be the result of the complex relationship between particle size and mineral magnetic properties not being adequately accommodated in this analysis. The radionuclide tracers, ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex, were found to be conservative through the sediment generation process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A supplementary approach for estimating reaeration rate coefficients

Different commonly used predictive equations for the reaeration rate coefficient (K₂) have been evaluated using 231 data sets obtained from the literature and 576 data sets measured at different reaches of the River Kali in western Uttar Pradesh, India. The data sets include stream/channel velocity, bed slope, flow depth, cross‐sectional area and reaeration rate coefficient (K₂), obtained from the literature and generated during the field survey of River Kali, and were used to test the applicability of the predictive equations. The K₂ values computed from the predictive equations have been compared with the corresponding K₂ values measured in streams/channels. The performance of the predictive equations has been evaluated using different error estimation, namely standard error (SE), normal mean error (NME), mean multiplicative error (MME) and coefficient of determination (r²). The results show that the reaeration rate equation developed by Parkhurst and Pomeroy yielded the best agreement, with the values of SE, NME, MME and r² as 33·387, 4·62, 3·58 and 0·95, respectively, for literature data sets (case 1) and 37·567, 3·57, 2·6 and 0·95, respectively, for all the data sets (literature data sets and River Kali data sets) (case 2). Further, to minimize error estimates and improve correlation between measured and computed reaeration rate coefficients, supplementary predictive equations have been developed based on Froude number criteria and a least‐squares algorithm. The supplementary predictive equations have been verified using different error estimates and by comparing measured and computed reaeration rate coefficients for data sets not used in the development of the equations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汝州阳坡的洛峪口组

汝州阳坡一带的洛峪口组，归属于上元古界洛峪群。洛峪口组自下而上可划分出四个岩性段，其中一、二段相当于汝阳洛峪口村附近建组剖面上的洛峪口组，三、四段则为汝州地区新发现的地层，它们之间均呈整合接触关系，时代归属晚元古代青白口纪。洛峪口组四个段，在岩性组合上具有较强的规律性，反映出潮下、潮间、潮上的沉积环境交替出现。海平面振荡频繁，发育三个Ⅱ类层序，除Ⅱ３顶部为Ⅰ型层序界面外，其他层序的顶底界面均为Ⅱ型层序界面。三个层序均具有共同的沉积特征，海侵体系域不发育，饥饿段出现的层位低     

Gaussian approximations to conditional distributions for multi-Gaussian processes

Suppose a multi-Gaussian process is observed at some set of sites, and we wish to obtain the conditional block grade distribution given some observations. We show that this conditional distribution is approximately Gaussian under certain conditions. In particular, given a single observation from a continuous multi-Gaussian process, the conditional distribution under a small change of support is approximately Gaussian unless, roughly speaking, the observed process is twice differentiable and the observation site is at the center of mass of the support region. A Gaussian approximation for the conditional prediction error of the total ore in a fixed region is considered also, although an example demonstrates that a naive analysis can give incorrect limiting conditional means.     

基于H．264编码标准的远程视频采集系统的设计与实现

通过对如何构建远程视频采集（监控）系统的关键技术进行了较深入的研究，解决了非宽带环境下视频数据连续性和视频数据丢包等问题，视频编解码使用H．264压缩卡完成。     

ARMA模型的MEMS陀螺随机误差卡尔曼补偿方法

针对微机械(MEMS)陀螺仪的随机误差导致其输出信噪比低的问题,该文提出一种基于ARMA模型的随机误差卡尔曼补偿方法。该方法通过对MEMS陀螺仪输出的原始信号进行均值化处理和趋势项提取后,分别采用轮次检验法和Jarque Bera检验法对随机序列平稳性和正态性进行检验,建立时间序列ARMA模型并采用卡尔曼状态方程对陀螺随机漂移进行补偿。6次卡尔曼滤波对比实验结果表明,MEMS陀螺仪信号幅度随着滤波次数增加而减小,滤波后的均值由2.454 4E-4减小到-4.830 0E-5,标准差由1.654 7减小到0.003 6,随机漂移被有效抑制。     

大气数值模式空间分辨率的确定方法

集中讨论了如何决定大气数值模式空间分辨率的问题。首先, 给出模式分辨率的定义和模式各方程都应满足的不等式，并在此基础上，用尺度分析和单波的方法推出模式水平和垂直分辨率的预估公式。还给出针对一般模式，以预估公式作基础，选择一系列分辨率，用比较试验，结合大气结构特点，最终确定模式分辨率的方法。并用浅水模式进行了水平分辨率的试验。     

南海台风路径预报试验

利用预测误差平方和最小准则的逐步算法对台风路径进行拟合和预测试验，试验结果表明ＰＲＥＳＳ方法得到的模型具有较强的预测能力，因而，ＰＲＥＳＳ方法同逐步回归一样，也是一种预报台风路径客观有效的方法。     

基于精密三角高程测量的基坑变形监测方法研究

传统的基坑监测中,几何水准测量工作效率低,任务量大。针对这些不足,本文采用一种新的三角高程测量方法进行变形监测,该方法可以使全站仪在任意点设站,减少了工作量,在测量中,不用量取仪器高、棱镜高,减少了三角高程测量中的误差来源,提高了精度。通过分析三角高程测量的精度,验证了精密三角高程测量代替几何水准测量的可行性与可靠性,结合基坑监测实例,将三角高程测量的数据与几何水准测量的数据进行比较．比较的结果显示,该三角测量方法结合精密全站仪可以替代几何水准测量,在实际工作中具有一定的适用性和参考价值。     

GIS中三维空间直线的误差熵模型

从信息熵的角度提出了三维空间直线的误差熵模型，该模型由以垂直直线的平面误差熵为半径的圆柱体和两端点的误差球组成，是一种完全确定的度量空间线元不确定性的模型。理论分析与实验表明，本文所提出的模型具有较好的效果。