基于贝叶斯方案的雷达反射率反演水汽及其同化试验

雷达资料是目前为数不多有能力为高分辨率预报模式提供高分辨率信息资料的资料之一。为充分利用该资料所包含的中小尺度信息,文中基于雷达反射率,利用贝叶斯方法反演出大气相对湿度;将质控后的资料引入3Dvar系统进行同化分析,为高分辨率模式提供初值场。以台风“妮妲”登陆为例,通过一维反演及三维变分系统分析,有效地订正了实况有回波而模式预报无回波区域的大气湿度趋于合理,增加背景场的湿度,减小模拟回波比观测偏强的区域的大气湿度;同化大气湿度后模式在前6小时报出的台风外围回波分布、演变更合理,改进了降水雨带的分布与强度。1个月的批量试验反映1D+3Dvar同化雷达资料后,大气对流层中低层（850~400 hPa）增湿明显,其增湿影响程度可延续12小时以上。其逐时降水预报在前12小时的TS均比控制试验高,而大于5 mm以上降水预报偏差则与控制试验的大略一致或更接近1。      

双偏振雷达在江苏“7.6”降雹过程中的应用分析

针对2019年7月6日发生在江苏徐州、宿迁、淮安、南京以及常州一线的一次大范围冰雹天气过程,利用再分析资料分析天气背景、不稳定机制和抬升条件。通过徐州和南京S波段双偏振雷达偏振参量及宿迁和淮安的双多普勒天气雷达风场反演技术对冰雹云的热动力结构和微物理特征开展了详细的分析。结果表明:此次大范围冰雹天气发生在高空冷涡南落、横槽南摆,低层暖湿气流北抬,上下层强烈不稳定的环流背景下,地面低压缓慢东移南压,提供了辐合抬升条件。此次降雹天气过程中,雷达回波图上显示有典型的冰雹云特征——三体散射长钉、回波穹隆结构、强度超过50 dBZ,中层径向辐合,风暴顶辐散等特征。双偏振雷达各偏振参量也表现出冰雹云的特点,出现冰雹的地区展现水平反射率因子ZH大、差分反射率因子ZDR小、相关系数CC小的特征,ZDR值为-1.0～0.5 dB,CC值小于0.85;超级单体在近地层还出现表征入流区的CC谷、ZDR柱、差分相移率KDP柱等特征。ZDR柱、KDP柱和CC谷等双偏振参量特征在强对流短时临近预报和冰雹识别方面具有很强的应用潜力。双雷达风场反演表明此次过程降雹集中时段,冰雹云的穹隆空间结构,降雹时刻存在的明显下沉气流。     

基于TM数据的太湖叶绿素A浓度定量反演

利用TM(ETM)数据与准实时地面采样数据,建立太湖叶绿素浓度反演模型。结果表明,TM3/(TM1+TM4)与叶绿素A浓度的相关性最好,并以此建立了太湖叶绿素A浓度线性反演模型,但反演精度并不高,因此,建立了一个两层BP神经网络模型反演太湖的叶绿素A浓度,结果表明,神经网络模型的反演精度远高于线性反演模型,16个测试样本表明,神经网络模型反演的相对误差小于30%的有15个点,占总测试样本93.75%,而线性反演模型反演相对误差在30%以下的仅有3个点,这表明对于太湖这样一个光谱特征复杂的二类水体,可以利用神经网络模型反演水质参数。     

地浸砂岩铀矿钻探现状及发展

针对地浸砂岩铀矿钻探工作中最突出的钻探设备和钻进工艺问题,介绍了前苏联国家的有关成熟经验,并结合实际情况,探讨了如何进行钻探设备配套和加强钻进工艺研究的具体问题。     

川西甲基卡锂矿3000 m科学深钻关键技术探讨

川西甲基卡锂矿3000 m科学深钻项目地处川西高海拔地区。根据工程技术要求,设计三开钻孔结构,选用经济实用的钻探设备,主要包括HXY9型钻机、K2790型钻塔、BW300/16型泥浆泵等。分析和制定拟采用的钻进工艺和取心方法、钻具组合、冲洗液方案等是必不可少的工作。同时为践行“绿色勘查”理念,应制定措施,保障施工期间施工地生态环境受到保护。     

Sea surface temperature retrieval based on simulated microwave polarimetric measurements of a one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer

Compared with traditional real aperture microwave radiometers, one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometers have higher spatial resolution. In this paper, we proposed to retrieve sea surface temperature using a one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer that operates at frequencies of 6.9 GHz, 10.65 GHz,18.7 GHz and 23.8 GHz at multiple incidence angles. We used the ERA5 reanalysis data provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and a radiation transmission forward model to calculate the model brightness temperature. The brightness temperature measured by the spaceborne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer was simulated by adding Gaussian noise to the model brightness temperature.Then, a backpropagation(BP) neural network algorithm, a random forest(RF) algorithm and two multiple linear regression algorithms(RE1 and RE2) were developed to retrieve sea surface temperature from the measured brightness temperature within the incidence angle range of 0°–65°. The results show that the retrieval errors of the four algorithms increase with the increasing Gaussian noise. The BP achieves the lowest retrieval errors at all incidence angles. The retrieval error of the RE1 and RE2 decrease first and then increase with the incidence angle and the retrieval error of the RF is contrary to that of RE1 and RE2.     

An improved velocity volume processing method

Velocity volume processing （VVP） retrieval of single Doppler radar is an effective method which can be used to obtain many wind parameters. However, due to the problem of an ill-conditioned matrix arising from the coefficients of equations not being easily resolved, the VVP method has not been applied adequately and effectively in operation. In this paper, an improved scheme, SVVP （step velocity volume processing）, based on the original method, is proposed. The improved algorithm retrieves each group of components of the wind field through a stepwise procedure, which overcomes the problem of an ill-conditioned matrix, which currently limits the application of the VVP method. Variables in a six-parameter model can be retrieved even if the analysis volume is very small. In addition, the source and order of errors which exist in the traditional method are analyzed. The improved method is applied to real cases, which show that it is robust and has the capability to obtain the wind field structure of the local convective system. It is very helpful for studying severe storms.     

基于Downhole工艺的海底静力触探及其设备研制

论述基于Downhole CPT的海底静力触探工艺和实施方案,并在此基础上研制了适用于水深10~100 m,触探最大深度120 m的海底静力触探设备。对设备中的管内锥探总成、海底机座以及推进速度控制策略等核心问题进行了探讨。码头与海底试验中,触探数据结果与钻探取样基本符合,验证了工艺方案与触探设备达到了预期的工艺要求。     

Numerical evaluation of a subsea equipment installation method designed to avoid resonant responses

Several methods have been employed to install the different types of subsea equipment that are required for offshore oil and gas production systems. More recently, the increasing development of oil fields at remote, ultra-deepwater scenarios has been requiring heavier and more complex subsea equipment. In such scenarios the usual installation methods have been facing increasing challenges, including resonance effects associated to the dynamic behavior of the cable-equipment system. In this context, after presenting a review of the state-of-the-art of installation methods for subsea equipment, this work presents a methodology for the design and evaluation of an installation method based on the combination of steel wire and polyester ropes. The goal is to obtain a feasible and safe installation method that can avoid resonance effects along all phases of the lowering procedure, without the need of specialized devices such as heave compensators, and using only simpler installation vessels such as standard tugboats instead of more expensive and specialized vessels (such as drilling rigs). The method is evaluated by numerical simulations for case studies considering representative metocean data for Brazilian ultra-deepwater scenarios, following a methodology that considers the random characteristic of actual sea states by employing an irregular spectral representation. The results indicate that the method may indeed be feasible for the deepwater installation of heavier equipment, potentially being more cost-effective especially for remote locations where other more complex methods might become inefficient.     

基于半分析方法的黄河口悬浮物浓度遥感反演

河口区的悬浮物浓度受陆源输入和水动力等其他因素的影响严重,具有重要研究意义。本文利用黄河口及其邻近区域采集的145个站位光谱数据和悬浮物(Suspended Particulate Matter,SPM)浓度数据,检验了Nechad模型、多波段准分析算法(Quasi-Analytical Algorithm,QAA)、最优化模型和半经验辐射传输模型(Semi-Empirical Radiative Transfer,SERT)在黄河口水域的适用性。结果表明,QAA561模型和Nechad561模型在低浓度水域反演结果较好,QAA655模型反演结果较差,Nechad665模型适合于低浓度水域,但反演精度低。QAA865模型和Nechad865模型在中高浓度水域的反演结果较好。SERT655模型反演精度较低。最优化模型和SERT滑动模型的反演精度较高。由于黄河口水域悬浮物浓度变化范围较大,因此,本文建立了分段QAA模型和Nechad模型。分段模型的反演结果均优于单一模型。根据误差敏感性分析可知,Nechad分段模型和QAA分段模型对于遥感反射率的50%以内的误差不敏感,稳定可靠。将分段模型应用于Landsat-8 OLI数据,获取了悬浮物浓度时空分布图。结果表明,反演结果与已有研究具有相似的分布特征。两种模型得到的悬浮物浓度在数值上存在差异,然而分布趋势在中高浓度季节有非常好的一致性。