高斯-克吕格投影反解的数值变换方法分析

数值变换方法是地图投影变换的重要方法之一。在介绍数值变换常用方法的基础上,针对高斯-克吕格投影的反解变换进行具体实验,并对各方法变换精度与稳定性进行对比分析。     

Equal-Area Projections of the Triaxial Ellipsoid: First Time Derivation and Implementation of Cylindrical and Azimuthal Projections for Small Solar System Bodies

Many small solar system bodies such as asteroids or small satellites have irregular shapes, often approximated by the reference surface of a triaxial ellipsoid. Map projections for the triaxial ellipsoid are needed to present the incoming data in the form of maps. In this paper the formulae of equal-area cylindrical and azimuthal projections of the triaxial ellipsoid were derived and practically implemented for the first time using as an example the asteroid 253 Mathilde. This paper is the final in a series of papers devoted to all main classes of projections of the triaxial ellipsoid. Before this, the authors obtained equidistant along meridians projection and Jacobi conformal projection for the triaxial ellipsoid.     

Generalization of the Lambert–Lagrange projection

The Lagrange projection represents conformally the terrestrial globe within a circle. This is achieved by compressing the latitude and longitude and by applying the new coordinates into the equatorial stereographic projection. The same concept can be generalized to any conformal projection, although the application of this technique to other analytical functions is less known. In this work, the general Lambert–Lagrange projection formula is proposed and the application of the modified coordinates is discussed on projections: stereographic, conformal conic and Gauss–Schreiber. In general, the results are merely a curiosity, except for the case of Gauss–Schreiber, where the use of coordinates with altered scale can be applied in the optimization of conformal projections.     

Symposium On Sediment Storage In Rivers And Estuaries

Book Reviewed in this article:

Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India. Rais Akhtarand A.T.A. Learmonth, eds.

Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment. Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica.

American Electoral Mosaics. J. Clark Archerand Fred M. Shelley.

Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie. W.S. Barnard, ed.

Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City. Yehoshua Ben-Arieh.

The World as a Total System. Kenneth E. Boulding.

A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed. John Burnett.

Human Migration. W.A.V. Clark.

Regional Population Projection Models. Andrei Rogers.

The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus. David Colemanand Roger Schofield, eds.

Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future. Joseph C. Corn, ed.

Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú. Michael R. Dove.

Glacial Geologic Processes. David Drewry.

Physics of Desertification. Farouk El-Bazand M.H.A. Hassan, eds.

Housing the Homeless. Jon Ericksonand Charles Wilhelm, eds.

Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map. Russel L. Gerlach.

Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands. Yehuda Gradus, ed.

Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks. Owen Greene, Ian Percivaland Irene Ridge.

The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City. Günter Heinritzand Elisabeth Lichtenberger, eds.

Regional Input-Output Analysis. Geoffrey J. D. Hewings.

Spatial Transportation Modeling. Christian Werner.

The Atlas of Georgia. Thomas W. Hodlerand Howard A. Schretter, eds.

Latin America. 5th ed. Preston E. Jamesand C.W. Minkel.

Applied Remote Sensing. C.P. Lo.

Localities, Class, and Gender. The Lancaster Regionalism Group.

Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells. Stuart Lowe.

Politics and Method. Doreen Masseyand Richard Meegan, eds.

Land Use. A. S. Mather.

The Kingdom of Coal. Donald L. Millerand Richard E. Sharpless.

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The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart. Thomas O'Toole.

Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology. Márton Pécsi, ed.

Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation. Floyd F. Sabins, Jr.

Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States. Jurgen Schmandtand Hilliard Roderick, eds.

Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology. M.J. Selby.

International Migration: The Female Experience. Rita J. Simonand Caroline B. Brettell, eds.

On Geography and Its History. D.R. Stoddart.

Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach. D. Teodorovic.

Processes in Physical Geography. R.D. Thompson, A.M. Mannion, C.W. Mitchell, M. Parry, J.R.G. Townshend.

Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys. J.W. Trevett.

Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets. Yi-Fu Tuan.

Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century. James E. Vance, Jr.

Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution. Edward Yourdon.     

Graphical design of world map projections

The design of new map projections has up until now required mathematical and cartographic expertise that has limited this activity to a small group of specialists. This article introduces the background mathematics for a software-based method that enables cartographers to easily design new small-scale world map projections. The software is usable even by those without mathematical expertise. A new projection is designed interactively in an iterative process that allows the designer to graphically and numerically assess the graticule, the representation of the continents, and the distortion properties of the new projection. The method has been implemented in Flex Projector, a free and open-source application enabling users to quickly create new map projections and modify existing projections. We also introduce new tools that help evaluate the distortion properties of projections, namely a configurable acceptance index to assess areal and angular distortion, a derived acceptance visualization, and interactive profiles through the distortion space of a projection. To illustrate the proposed method, a new projection, the Cropped Ginzburg VIII projection, is presented.     

正则算子空间上的一类格子空间

赋偏序向量空间的格子空间指的是它的一个向量子空间对于诱导序（the induced ordering）成为一个Riesz空间。主要研究了正则算子空间上的一类格子空间，其中每一个正则算子的值域具备Dedekind完备性。首先讨论了一类经典Riesz空间上的正投影，然后得到主要结果存在Riesz空间上的一类正投影使它的值域成为一格子空间，最后讨论了全空间与格子空间中正则算子的不交性。     

基于投影寻踪回归的规范指标的气象灾情评估

科学合理地评估气象灾害造成的损失, 对减灾、防灾决策具有重要意义。为了建立不同气象灾害系统均能适用的投影寻踪回归 (projection pursuit regression, PPR) 矩阵表示灾情评估模型,在对气象灾情指标值进行规范变换基础上,规范变换后的各指标皆等效于同一个规范指标,因而只需构建对任意2个规范指标值适用的投影寻踪回归 (projection pursuit regression based on normalized index value, NV-PPR) NV-PPR (2) 模型和3个规范指标值适用的投影寻踪回归NV-PPR (3) 模型;对3个以上指标的气象灾害系统NV-PPR建模,只需将其分解为若干个NV-PPR (2) 模型和 (或) NV-PPR (3) 模型的组合即可。模型用于广东省台风和重庆市两起雷电灾情评估,并与其他方法的评估结果进行比较。结果表明:基于NV-PPR的气象灾情评估模型不受指标数量的限制,具有简单、实用的特点,该模型还可推广为适用于其他灾情评估。     

椭球变换法建立地方独立坐标系的变形研究

在分析高斯投影变形的基础上,针对工程测量中的投影变形精度要求,阐述了3种椭球变换法建立地方独立坐标系的方法,给出具体的计算公式和参数选取原则。对3种椭球变换法进行软件设计,简化计算的工作量。并详细介绍如何求解这些参数和控制点坐标值,结合实例数据进行分析,得到不同方法建立地方独立坐标系的优缺点和适用范围。     

平面影像到DQG像元的转换精度与效率分析

平面影像到退化四叉树格网(Degenerate Quadtree Grid,DQG)的转换是实现全球DQG无缝可视化建模的前提任务。以相交面积为权重,提出平面影像到球面退化四叉树格网的转换算法。实验利用4km分辨率256级灰度图像数据Wsiearth.tif和30m分辨率Landsat5 Level4遥感数据,详细对比分了平面影像到退化四叉树格网与平面影像到四元三角格网(Quaternary Triangular Mesh,QTM)的转换精度和效率。     

基于Matlab的地图投影程序设计

随着地理信息系统(GIS)的发展与应用,地图投影转换成为GIS软件是当前面临的一个主要问题。本文首先分析和阐述了Matlab的程序设计基础、图形用户界面及地图投影整体程序设计,然后结合Matlab的计算程序,实现了高斯投影正算与反算、高斯投影换带、高斯投影与UTM投影之间转换的计算。通过实例验证了程序的可行性,满足了工程需要,为基于Matlab的地图投影程序设计提供了重要的参考依据。