基于时空信息的应急案例库系统关键技术研究

首先对应急决策的流程进行了分析,总结出案例对于应急决策的支撑作用主要体现在可以增强决策的科学性,缩短决策的时间。然后,总结分析了应急案例库系统的总体结构,以及实现的关键技术,包括应急案例的时空表达,基于时空关系的应急案例选取,基于时空相似性的应急处置方案修正,应急案例的评价,应急案例的系统学习,并在实践中进行了应用,取得了较好的应用效果。     

一种应急测绘保障模式的探讨

各种自然灾害的发生,给国家和人民的生命财产造成了巨大的损失,应急测绘保障作为应急救灾的一种有效支持手段,对应急救灾工作发挥着不可替代的作用,然而传统测绘作业模式难以满足应急救灾工作对时效性的要求,在多次应急测绘保障任务的基础上,探索出了一种有效的应急测绘保障模式,提高了应急测绘保障的时效性.     

地铁隧道施工中应急监测解决方案研究

地铁隧道施工过程遇到险情时,参建各方须迅速做出应急响应,其中应急监测结果对险情诱因判断及排险方案的制定起关键性作用。为解决紧急情况下无法布设稳定变形监测基准点的难题,结合应急监测实例,提出以边墙点的重心作为沉降监测基准,以非接触式解析法进行净空收敛监测的应急监测解决方案。实践证明方案具备操作简便、精度可靠的特点,满足应急监测需求,其成果有助于险情诱因的判断,对应急排险方案的制定具有一定参考价值。     

车载应急气象台防雷设计

车载应急服务移动气象台主要用于突发性事件、重大气象灾害、重大社会活动等应急气象保障工作,使抢险救灾和重大社会活动现场气象服务更直接、更及时、更有效。体现了气象工作在不同环境和恶劣自然条件下开展气象观测、探测、天气预报预测,提供准确的气象预报服务能力。     

基于3G网的气象应急指挥车通信系统设计方案

应急指挥车是气象部门应急系统的重要组成部分。本方案所设计的3G气象应急指挥车通信系统,不仅可以实现多种通信网络的互连互通,还能实现与远程指挥中心的实时数据、语音和视频通信,具有易于部署、应用灵活、性价比高的特点,能有效提高气象部门应对气象灾害和突发公共事件的快速反应能力。     

Teaching Structural Hazards Awareness for Preparedness and Community Response

Most successful search and rescue is performed by neighbors and household members during the first 24 h after an earthquake, before professional responders arrive on the scene. Many spontaneous responders become casualties in the process. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institutes Disaster Preparedness Education Project with the support of the Earthquake Engineering Department has developed a training module for Community Disaster Responders to help them assess the level of damage for immediate citizen disaster response. Learning the signs of damage in both reinforced concrete and adobe buildings, they will be better able to distinguish the slight and moderately damaged buildings where their light search and rescue efforts will be effective, as opposed to the heavily damaged buildings where professional help is required for safe extrication. Incorporating citizens into the early stages of building collapse rescue is designed to make professional urban search and rescue efforts more effective. The program is being piloted in Turkey by the Civil Defense Directorate, Search and Rescue Brigade. It is expected that this will lead to a new demand for engineers to work in partnership with community-based organizations for planning and prioritizing disaster mitigation efforts, and to participate in immediate post-disaster damage assessment. Engineering recommendations will also be needed for post-earthquake building re-entry and re-habitation risk assessment.     

宁夏地震应急指挥管理信息系统建设

综合介绍宁夏地震应急指挥技术系统建设情况、系统结构及其功能、建设中存在的问题和建议,以及今后进一步的设想,为完善宁夏地震应急指挥信息管理系统建设提供参考。     

面向地震应急的UAV快拼软件比较分析--以辽宁大连城岭村为例

无人机遥感技术系统作为新时期应急救援装备是震后快速获取灾情信息的重要手段,随着无人机的智能化、轻量化的影像处理软件的迅猛发展,无人机领域的应用也越来越广泛。本文选取了辽宁大连城岭村作为实验地点,以大疆精灵4pro无人机获取的1个架次308张照片作为实验数据,选取Pix4D、smart3D、photoscan三款无人机影像处理软件,以处理流程、耗时、正射精度、三维建模等指标作为测试指标对三款软件开展对比研究工作。研究结果表明,小型消费级无人机在飞控系统下的测量精度可达厘米级,处理流程方面从简到难依次为Pix4D、photoscan、smart3D,耗时方面从短到长依次为Pix4D、photoscan、smart3D,正射(dom)精度从高到低依次为Pix4D、smart3D、photoscan,三维建模精度从高到低依次为smart3D、Pix4D、photoscan,该实验结果不仅为搭建地震应急前后方指挥部数据处理平台建设提供技术支撑,同时还对使用此类无人机做行业应用及飞行参数设置提供参考意义。     

基于ArcGIS Engine的地震应急快速成图软件的设计与实现

当前地震专题图在地震应急方面依然起着非常重要的作用。利用ArcGIS Engine二次开发组件开发一套能够在地震应急中快速成图的软件,使得没有任何GIS专业背景的技术人员也能够通过简单的人机交互,快速产出地震应急专题图件,从而为地震应急指挥决策提供支持。     

地震应急评估与决策指标体系的构建

Loss assessment and decision-making are essential for earthquake emergency rescues,and for scientific prediction of seismic damage and determination of rescue objectives.In practice,however,there exist some problems,such as basic data not being precise and rich enough and decision making not having systematic and complete criteria.This paper tries to solve these problems using the method of data indexation by constructing an index system for earthquake emergency loss assessment and decision-making.