Surface displacements due to batter piles driven in cross‐anisotropic media

This article derives the closed‐form solutions for estimating the vertical surface displacements of cross‐anisotropic media due to various loading types of batter piles. The loading types include an embedded point load for an end‐bearing pile, uniform skin friction, and linear variation of skin friction for a friction pile. The planes of cross‐anisotropy are assumed to be parallel to the horizontal ground surface. The proposed solutions are never mentioned in literature and can be developed from Wang and Liao's solutions for a horizontal and vertical point load embedded in the cross‐anisotropic half‐space. The present solutions are identical with Wang's solutions when batter angle equals to 0^°. In addition, the solutions indicate that the surface displacements in cross‐anisotropic media are influenced by the type and degree of material anisotropy, angle of inclination, and loading types. An illustrative example is given at the end of this article to investigate the effect of the type and degree of soil anisotropy (E/E′, G′/E′, and ν/ν′), pile inclination (α), and different loading types (a point load, a uniform skin friction, and a linear variation of skin friction) on vertical surface displacements. Results show that the displacements accounted for pile batter are quite different from those estimated from plumb piles, both driven in cross‐anisotropic media. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

嵌入式导航终端互补分级路网拓扑模型的研究及实现

路径分析是嵌入式导航终端的基本功能。在层次空间数据模型的基础上,本文提出了互补分级数据模型,将整个路网拓扑分为概括拓扑和辅助拓扑两级,并给出两级路网拓扑数据快速合并机制形成详细路网拓扑,使得嵌入式硬件平台上远距离路径分析效率更高。     

移动电子地图技术初探

随着嵌入式技术、通信技术、移动定位技术的发展 ,它们为电子地图技术的发展再次提供了难得发展机遇。本文主要探讨了以上技术和电子地图相结合的可行性 ,分析两种移动电子地图在移动定位、数据处理、数据传输等方面实现的技术以及优缺点     

基于TM1300的G.723.1语音编解码器的实时实现

简要介绍了G．723．1编解码算法原理和TM1300定点DSP芯片，针对该芯片的硬件结构特点，设计了一套运行于TM1300之上的实时语音信号采集－编解码－播放的可行方案。讨论了G．723．1语音编解码器在定点TM1300上实时实现的关键技术及在具体实现过程中的问题，提出了相应的解决方法。试验结果表明，单片的TriMedia1300能实现至少5路实时G．723．1语音编解码。     

BSP在TriMedia多媒体应用系统中与应用程序互通的一种简单实现

在分析嵌入式操作系统板级支持设计方法的基础上，提出在应用软件与板级支持包（BSP）之间加一层库函数，同时使用链表来组织管理板支持包涵数的方法，较好地解决了应用程序与板级支持包函数间的通信问题并减少了板级支持包函数的维护复杂度，为嵌入式系统板级支持包的实现提供了一个有价值的思路。     

Response of L-shaped rigid foundations embedded in a uniform half-space to traveling seismic waves

A simplified indirect boundary element method is applied to compute the impedance functions for L-shaped rigid foundations embedded in a homogeneous viscoelastic half-space. In this method, the waves generated by the 3D vibrating foundation are constructed from radiating sources located on the actual boundary of the foundation. The impedance functions together with the free-field displacements and tractions generated along the soil–foundation interface are used to calculate the foundation input motion for incident P, S and Rayleigh waves. This is accomplished by application of Iguchi's averaging method which, in turn, is verified by comparison with results obtained rigorously using the relation between the solutions of the basic radiation (impedance functions) and scattering (input motions) problems. Numerical results are presented for both surface-supported and embedded foundations. It is shown how the seismic response of L-shaped foundations with symmetrical wings differs from that of enveloping square foundations. The effects of inclination and azimuth of the earthquake excitation are examined as well. These results should be of use in analyses of soil–structure interaction to account for the traveling wave effects usually overlooked in practice.     

嵌入式PC核能谱数据采集系统

以PC／104为平台的核心能谱数据采集系统体积小、功耗低、重量轻、功能强、电路设计简单、工作稳定、能满足野外原位无损测量的要求。     

基于PDA的嵌入式土地执法系统的设计与实现

系统研究了以PDA为平台的土地执法系统的设计思路,详细介绍了各个模块的功能和关键技术的实现方法。在Windows Mobile操作系统下设计并实现了基于PDA的嵌入式土地执法系统,系统集成了"3S"优势,又有移动执法的功能,从而提高了土地执法工作中的效率和精度。     

Effects of the dynamic cross-interaction in the seismic analysis of multiple embedded foundations

A boundary element formulation of the substructure deletion method is presented for the seismic analysis of the dynamic cross-interaction between multiple embedded foundations. This approach is particularly suitable for three-dimensional foundations of any arbitrary geometrical shape and spatial location, since it requires only the discretization of the foundations’ surfaces. The surrounding soil is represented by a homogeneous viscoelastic half-space while the foundations are assumed to be rigid and subjected to incoming SH-, P-, and SV-waves arbitrarily inclined in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The proposed methodology is tested for the case of two identical embedded square foundations for different values of the foundations’ embedment and distance. The effects of the cross-interaction are outlined in the components of the impedance matrix and of the foundation input motion. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Correction factors for SSI effects predicted by simplified models: 2D versus 3D rectangular embedded foundations

The effects of soil‐structure interaction (SSI) are often studied using two‐dimensional (2D) or axisymmetric three‐dimensional (3D) models to avoid the high cost of the more realistic, fully 3D models, which require 2 to 3 orders of magnitude more computer time and storage. This paper analyzes the error and presents correction factors for system frequency, system damping, and peak amplitude of structural response computed using impedances for linear in‐plane 2D models with rectangular foundations, embedded in uniform or layered half‐space. They are computed by comparison with results for 3D rectangular foundations with the same vertical cross‐section and different aspect ratios. The structure is represented by a single degree‐of‐freedom oscillator. Correction factors are presented for a range of the model parameters. The results show that in‐plane 2D approximations overestimate the SSI effects, exaggerating the frequency shift, the radiation damping, and the reduction of the peak amplitude. The errors are larger for stiffer, taller, and heavier structures, deeper foundations, and deeper soil layer. For example, for a stiff structure like Millikan library (NS response; length‐to‐width ratio ≈ 1), the error is 6.5% in system frequency, 44% in system damping, and 140% in peak amplitude. The antiplane 2D approximation has an opposite effect on system frequency and the same effect on system damping and peak relative response. Linear response analysis of a case study shows that the NEHRP‐2015 provisions for reduction of base shear force due to SSI may be unsafe for some structures. The presented correction factor diagrams can be used in practical design and other applications.