A bivariate meta-Gaussian density for use in hydrology

Convenient bivariate densities found in the literature are often unsuitable for modeling hydrologic variates. They either constrain the range of association between variates, or fix the form of the marginal distributions. The bivariate meta-Gaussian density is constructed by embedding the normal quantile transform of each variate into the Gaussian law. The density can represent a full range of association between variates and admits arbitrarily specified marginal distributions. Modeling and estimation can be decomposed into i) independent analyses of the marginal distributions, and ii) investigation of the dependence structure. Both statistical and judgmental estimation procedures are possible. Some comparisons to recent applications of bivariate densities in the hydrologic literature motivate and illustrate the model.     

参数椭球表面的重力

推导了带密度参数的界面深度参数的旋转椭球表面重力的封闭公式，提出了“参数椭球”的概念。     

O(T2)精度下椭球界面Dirichlet边值问题的积分解

研究了边界是参考椭球面的Laplace方程Dirichlet边值问题的求解，在O(ε4·T)精 度下给出了参考椭球界面上扰动重力位Dirichlet外问题的积分解式. 该结果理论上优于目 前常用的球近似下的积分解式，从而为研究物理大地测量中边值问题的求解提供了新的依据     

山西五台地区系舟山逆冲推覆构造地质特征

系舟山逆冲推覆构造带位于中生代燕山造山带的西南端，分布于系舟山掀斜向斜的北西翼，形成于晚侏罗世晚期，空间上由一系列近平行排列的逆冲断裂组成，剖面上表现为侧幕展布的犁式逆冲断裂所构成的前陡、后缓的单冲式叠瓦状构造。主体由北西向南东方向逆冲．逆冲扩展方式为前展式，运移距离大于5．8km。推覆构造中应力状态在横、纵向上呈现有规律的变化，根带以挤压为主的高角度逆冲断裂及复杂多级褶皱为主；中带以单剪为主，形成叠瓦状构造；锋带挤压作用增强，发育反冲断层和不对称褶皱。随着挤压应力的松弛减弱，山前形成规模较大的正断层。     

基于梯度塑性理论的岩样在压剪条件下变形及稳定性分析

考虑了正应力及剪应力联合作用在岩样的端部,而且,在正应力被视为变量,剪应力被视为常量这一特殊条件下,对剪切带的变形特征及剪切带-带外弹性体系统的失稳判据进行了分析.根据剪切虎克定律及梯度塑性理论,提出了剪切带内部弹性应变、塑性应变及总应变的解析式,对上述三种应变进行积分,提出了剪切带错动弹性位移、塑性位移及总位移的解析式.利用压缩虎克定律及几何关系建立了剪切带外弹性体的刚度的表达式.根据刚度理论,建立了剪切带-带外弹性体系统的失稳判据.考虑岩样端面的剪切应力后,在流动剪切应力相同时,剪切带内部的弹性剪切应变(均匀分布)将增加;剪切带内部的塑性剪切应变(不均匀分布)将减小;剪切带的弹性剪切位移(线性分布)将增加;剪切带的塑性剪切位移(非线性分布)将减小;剪切带错动位移要小一些.另外,剪切应力对剪切带-带外弹性体系统的失稳判据没有影响.失稳判据仅和岩石的本构参数、剪切带倾角及结构尺寸有关.     

Transformation of Residuals to Avoid Artifacts in Geostatistical Modelling with a Trend

Trend modelling is an important part of natural resource characterization. A common approach to account for a variable with a trend is to decompose it into a relatively smoothly varying trend and a more variable residual component. Then, the residuals are stochastically modelled independent of the trend. This decomposition can result in values outside the plausible range of variability, such as grades below zero or ratios that exceed 1.0. We transform the residuals conditional to the trend component to explicitly remove these complex features prior to geostatistical modelling. Back transformation of the modelled residual values allows the complex relations to be reproduced. A petroleum-related application shows the robustness of the proposed transformation. Furthermore, a mining application shows that when this conditional transformation is applied to the original variable, instead of the residual, simulated values are assured to be nonnegative.     

Formation and shortening deformation of a back-arc rift basin revealed by deep seismic profiling, central Japan

The northern Fossa Magna (NFM) basin is a Miocene rift system produced in the final stages of the opening of the Sea of Japan. It divides the major structure of Japan into two regions, with north-trending geological structures to the NE of the basin and EW trending structures to the west of the basin. The Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) bounds the western part of the northern Fossa Magna and forms an active fault system that displays one of the largest slip rates (4–9 mm/year) in the Japanese islands. Deep seismic reflection and refraction/wide-angle reflection profiling were undertaken in 2002 across the northern part of ISTL in order to delineate structures in the crust, and the deep geometry of the active fault systems. The seismic images are interpreted based on the pattern of reflectors, the surface geology and velocities derived from refraction analysis. The 68-km-long seismic section suggests that the Miocene NFM basin was formed by an east dipping normal fault with a shallow flat segment to 6 km depth and a deeper ramp penetrating to 15 km depth. This low-angle normal fault originated as a comparatively shallow brittle/ductile detachment in a high thermal regime present in the Miocene. The NFM basin was filled by a thick (>6 km) accumulation of sediments. Shortening since the late Neogene is accommodated along NS to NE–SE trending thrust faults that previously accommodated extension and produce fault-related folds on their hanging wall. Based on our balanced geologic cross-section, the total amount of Miocene extension is ca. 42 km and the total amount of late Neogene to Quaternary shortening is ca. 23 km.     

地理空间的数学定义及定位型地图符号的制约因素分析

给出了地理空间的数学定义 ,推导了制图区域、地图投影、制图物体及其在椭球面和地图平面上的定位等概念 ,揭示了同一平面位置上可以依制图目的的不同而分别表示多种事物的性质或量值的基本原理 ,阐释了对同一制图区域进行多专题制图的客观条件和物理基础。     

大桥水库MS4.6级诱发地震的初步研究

2002年3月3日大桥水库诱发了Ms4．6级水库地震，其发震构造是安宁河东支断裂近傍具有正断层性质的一个分支断裂。据大桥台网7年多库区地震观测事件记录，地震空间分布上水体附近有一个明显的活跃过程，大坝上游发生小震群，大坝下游发生主震序列。地震的震源深度在蓄水前后有明显变化。4．6级地震的震源机制解的主压应力轴方位和倾角与大多数活动断裂上的地震有明显的差别，主压应力轴的倾角与其它的水库地震相比也存在较大差别。