Comparison of precipitation and evapotranspiration of five different land-cover types in the high mountainous region

Many rivers originate in high mountainous regions. However, the effects of climate warming on the runoff and water balance in these regions remain unclear due to the lack of observational data from harsh environments, and the variable influences of climate change on alpine land-cover types with different water balances. Using observations and simulations from CoupModel, water-balance values collected at five alpine land-cover types (steppe, shrub meadow, moist meadow, swamp meadow, and moraine) in a small alpine watershed, the Qilian Mountains in Northwest China, from October 2008 to September 2014, were compared. Measured evapotranspiration, multilayer soil temperatures and water contents, and frozen-depth data were used to validate CoupModel outputs. The results show that elevation is the primary influence on precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff coefficients in alpine regions. Land-cover types at higher elevations receive more precipitation and have a larger runoff coefficient. Notably, climate warming not only increases evapotranspiration but also particularly increases the evapotranspiration/precipitation ratio due to an upward shift in the optimum elevation of plant species. These factors lead to decrease runoff coefficients in alpine basins.     

珠江口水位变化的趋势——验潮站记录分析

本文取珠江口28个验潮站1950—1985年观测记录,用最小二乘方回归直线方程进行计算,求出各站的水位升降速率,绘出三角洲各站的升降速率分布图。结果大部分测站均有不同程度的上升趋势,平均速率为2.028mm/a,到2000年水位将比1985年上升3cm多。     

建立内蒙古高精度空间定位和数字高程基准的技术及其应用

本文主要介绍了项目在建设与研究过程中关键技术取得的突破:顾及重力稀疏、地形影响、精密重力归算、与国家高程基准融合等技术难题,建立超大区域省级高精度似大地水准面计算处理系统理论、方法与技术;超大区域省级高精度、动态、三维测绘基准的理论、方法与技术;建立覆盖内蒙古自治区的、与国家测绘基准相一致的、高精度的、动态的连续运行卫星空间定位基准;基于 CORS 和高精度数字高程基准模型,构建自主的现代测绘基准综合管理服务系统,实现测绘基准的信息化服务。     

清远市清城区似大地水准面的精密确定

利用GPS技术可获得精度优于1 cm的大地高,若能够获得相应点的高精度似大地水准面(高程异常),则可将大地高转换为相应精度的正常高,从而代替相应等级的水准测量.文中介绍了清远市清城区似大地水准面的计算方法,并对计算结果进行了分析和评价.结果表明,清远市清城区1 km格网似大地水准面的精度为1.3 cm.     

惯性系统/激光测距仪组合定位技术研究

本文针对捷联惯性系统定位精度随误差积累而降低的情况,提出了一种基于惯性系统和激光测距仪的组合定位技术,并加以调平转位机构辅之。主要研究了捷联惯导系统静基座初始对准,分析了初始对准的精度,推导了激光测距仪载体坐标系到导航坐标系的坐标转换关系。最后,通过仿真和实施相关实验验证该定位技术。结果表明,此方法的测量误差较为稳定,误差大小在允许范围内,定位精度较高,具有一定的可行性。     

等高线插值实现及其精度分析

提出了搜索半径、方位角、地形特征线等一系列用来约束插值过程的概念和规则,用以保证等高线插值的准确性,并采用中误差、拟合优度、偏差率等评价模型对插值结果进行精度评估。同时,本文也对高程检测点位的选取提出了积极建议,有利于规范高程检测点的选取。最后,基于Arc GIS平台,设计开发了相关插件,实现了利用距离权倒数法进行等高线插值及统计结果的报表化输出。     

国内外油页岩开采方法和利用现状

简单地介绍了国内外油页岩的分布、储量和主要利用情况,详细地介绍了7年来在美国科罗拉多州MDP-MTE地区,荷兰壳牌石油公司进行的油页岩地下转化工艺技术实验情况和它与吉林省合作利用该技术提炼油页岩油的预计方案.     

The FUNWAVE model application and its validation using laboratory data

In this paper, the performance of a well known and widespread Boussinesq model is evaluated for its ability to predict deep waters and shoaling zone velocity and elevation, comparing them with laboratory data. The model evaluation places emphasis on the parameters of the wave field that could be used for the prediction of coastal phenomena. It was found that the model proved its ability to predict regular wave velocity and elevation both in deep waters and shoaling zones right up to the breaking region. In contrast to previous works found in literature, the comparisons in this case are not limited to modelled and measured wave elevations, but also involve horizontal velocities. As a result, experimental and computed time series of wave elevations and horizontal velocities and their corresponding phase-averaged values are investigated along the wave channel, showing a good performance of the model.     

风暴增水随机分析的过阈法及其统计计算模式

以青岛大港观测站 32年增水过程为例 ,探讨风暴增水工程设计参数的频率分析法 ,进行了不同阈值序列及各种理论线型的分布拟合。首次提出 Poisson- Pearson- III型分布模式 ,并将其用于工程计算 :对比分析 POT法与年极值法的计算结果 ;给出青岛大港站风暴增水多年一遇设计值 ,为进一步科学地确定海岸防潮工程设计水位奠定了基础。     

南海西北部深水区速度及时深转换方法研究

There are rich natural gas resources in the northwestern South China Sea deepwater areas, with poor degree of exploration. Because of the unique tectonic, sedimentary background of the region, velocity...