黑河地区高分辨陆地分类的综合分析

本文综合了国内外诸种有关资料,借鉴了国际上较通用的下垫面特征分类标准,也结合黑河地区下垫面的实际情况,对HEIFE试验区及其邻近地区的下垫面特征(包括地表特征、土壤特征及地形高度)进行归纳分类,形成了两种高分辨率(分别约为6km×6km及3km×3km)的下垫面特征的格点化资料,可供该地区地气相互作用研究用。     

Two modes of the silk road pattern and their interannual variability simulated by LASG/IAP AGCM SAMIL2.0

In this study, two modes of the Silk Road pattern were investigated using NCEP2 reanalysis data and the simulation produced by Spectral Atmospheric Circulation Model of IAP LASG, Version 2 (SAMIL2.0) that was forced by SST observation data. The horizontal distribution of both modes were reasonably reproduced by the simulation, with a pattern correlation coefficient of 0.63 for the first mode and 0.62 for the second mode. The wave train was maintained by barotropic energy conversion (denoted as CK) and baroclinic energy conversion (denoted as CP) from the mean flow. The distribution of CK was dominated by its meridional component (CK _y ) in both modes. When integrated spatially, CK _y was more efficient than its zonal component (CK _x ) in the first mode but less in the second mode. The distribution and efficiency of CK were not captured well by SAMIL2.0. However, the model performed reasonably well at reproducing the distribution and efficiency of CP in both modes. Because CP is more efficient than CK, the spatial patterns of the Silk Road pattern were well reproduced. Interestingly, the temporal phase of the second mode was well captured by a single-member simulation. However, further analysis of other ensemble runs demonstrated that the successful reproduction of the temporal phase was a result of internal variability rather than a signal of SST forcing. The analysis shows that the observed temporal variations of both CP and CK were poorly reproduced, leading to the low accuracy of the temporal phase of the Silk Road pattern in the simulation.     

9608号台风登陆北上总能量变化及渤海高压维持

首先分析了属于台风与西风槽的相互作用型的９６０８号台风在其登陆泊台风核心区总能量及其组成部分的变化。结果指出,决定总能量再度增长的主要是潜热能,而此时潜热能的增长是同台风东侧低层偏南急流有密度关系。台风的东北象限内潜热能增长最盛,特大暴雨区恰也在这个象限。其次利用对流层高层散度风场与旋转风场的配置,从散度风动勇与旋转风动能之间的转换关系,半定量地估计台风东侧黄海、渤海、日本海高压上空反气旋环流的增     

海洋风暴形成的一种动力学机制

文中从观测统计学、瞬变涡动能量学和 MM5中尺度数值模拟角度 ,研究了海洋风暴 (爆发性气旋 )形成的气候特征及其可能的动力学机制 ,揭示了一幅爆发性发展的物理图像。结果表明 ,在冷季大气特别是日本以东洋面上大气特有的热力气候背景下 ,通过同海洋风暴过程相联系的涡动热通量 vθ的向极地输送 (- vθ· θm>0 ) ,将季节尺度的时间平均有效位能向瞬变涡旋时间尺度的涡动有效位能转换 ,是海洋风暴形成的主要动力机制。在该过程中转换来的具有最大贡献的涡动有效位能 ,连同具有次大贡献的积云加热制造的涡动有效位能(q3 )一起 ,通过暖异常区 (α >0 )暖湿空气上升运动 (-ω >0 )的斜压转换 (-ωα) ,促使涡动动能增长。同时 ,补充的涡动有效位能又加强了暖异常区的暖湿空气上升运动 ,进而产生积云对流活动及其潜热释放的正反馈过程 ,最终导致涡动动能急剧增长和海洋风暴的形成。海-气潜热输送的作用是在风暴形成初期提供后来积云尺度对流活动及潜热释放的水汽潜力。研究还表明 ,海洋风暴主要发生在冷季月份 1 3 0°E以东的中高纬洋面上 ,这种对特定季节和特定海域的依赖性是大气和海洋气候背景的动力 /热力共同作用的结果     

北大西洋风暴轴高低空分布及其能量诊断

利用1979~2013年NCEP再分析数据,通过经验正交分解对比了前冬时期北大西洋风暴轴的高低空分布,并用涡动动能(Eddy Kinetic Energy,EKE)方程对风暴轴高低空分布型差异进行了诊断。研究结果表明:上层和下层第一空间分布型差异巨大,对流层下层风暴轴中心偏北,靠近极地,而上层风暴轴中心偏西南,靠近北美沿岸。EKE方程诊断结果表明:正压转换项在高低空符号相反,导致了EKE在上、下层分布出现显著差异,即上层正压转换项为负,在扰动发展中起能量耗散作用,而下层正压转换项为正,且极大值区域对应下层EKE极大值区域,为风暴轴下层向极区域增强的主要原因。而斜压转换和非地转位势通量散度在上层均为正,且远大于下层,为风暴轴上层涡动能量维持的原因,也从涡动能量收支上解释了风暴轴的主体出现在上层。     

环境WiFi能量采集系统的匹配网络与整流电路设计

设计了一款针对WiFi信号的环境能量采集系统,工作频率范围从2.4 GHz到2.485 GHz.该系统采用了4倍压整流电路,并设计了从天线到整流电路的宽带匹配电路,提升了能量采集的效率.设计的宽带匹配电路在WiFi工作频率范围内,S₁₁均小于-10 dB.整流电路可将采集信号增加4倍,能有效提高RF-DC转换效率.测试结果表明,所设计的电路达到了设计要求,在-10 dBm的输入功率下,达到了40%的RF-DC转换效率,并使超级电容在30 min内采集到了257 mV的电压.     

气候变化背景下湖北省高温干旱复合灾害变化特征

利用湖北省76个国家气象站1961—2022年地面气象观测资料,基于气象干旱综合监测指数(Meteorological Drought Composite Index,MCI)和有效降水指数(Effective Precipitation,EP)识别湖北省历年干旱和洪涝过程,分析近62 a旱涝过程频次时空变化和旱涝年、旱涝转换特征以及2010年以来旱涝特点。结果表明：湖北省旱涝频发区总体呈东涝西旱、南涝北旱的片状分布。干旱和暴雨洪涝发生频次分别呈现波动式下降、上升趋势。干旱主要发生在春季和伏秋季,发生频次总体呈减少趋势,但夏秋干旱以及极端干旱有趋多增强的态势;暴雨洪涝主要集中在夏季,发生频次呈增多趋势。旱涝年年际间呈现连旱2~4 a、连涝2~3 a或旱涝交替的特征,部分年份年内旱涝并存、旱涝急转,2010年以来无旱涝并存年。旱涝转换站数年际间波动较大,呈现5个阶段性上升特征,各递增阶段最大站数呈递减趋势。2010年以来旱涝呈现极端性增强、骤发性增多及连旱连涝的特点。

     

Mean slope-angle frequency distribution and size frequency distribution of landslide masses in Higashikubiki area, Japan

Landslide mass size frequency distributions and mean slope-angle frequency distributions were calculated for slump, slide, and creep type landslides in the Higashikubiki area. Mean slope-angle frequency distributions closely approximated Weibull distributions. Size frequency distributions show power-law dependencies. Both can be explained by modeling landslides as linked uniform blocks in tensile force. Power coefficients for size frequency distributions were 2.01–2.32 (approximation to power functions) or 2.10–2.24 (approximation to Pareto distributions).     

A comparative analysis of DEM‐based models to estimate the solar radiation in mountainous terrain

Daily solar radiation estimates of four up‐to‐date solar radiation models (Solar Analyst, r.sun, SRAD and Solei‐32), based on a digital elevation model (DEM), have been evaluated and compared in a Mediterranean environment characterized by a complex topography. The models' estimates were evaluated against 40 days of radiometric data collected in 14 stations. Analyzed sky conditions ranged from completely overcast conditions to clear skies. Additionally, the role of the spatial resolution of the DEM has been evaluated through the use of two different resolutions: 20 and 100 m. Results showed that, under clear‐sky conditions, the daily solar radiation variability in the study area may be reasonably estimated with mean bias errors under 10% and root mean square error values of around 15%. On the other hand, results proved that the reliability of the estimates substantially decreases under overcast conditions for some of the solar radiation models. Regarding the role of the DEM spatial resolution, results suggested that the reliability of the estimates for complex topography areas under clear‐sky conditions improves using a higher spatial resolution.     

南极绕极流区中尺度涡动动能年际变化和转换机制

采用多种资料研究南大洋南极绕极流(Antarctic Circumpolar Current,ACC)区中尺度涡的年际变化规律及机制.通过分析网格化融合卫星海洋资料AVISO(Archiving,Validation and Interpretation of Satellites Oceanographic DATA...