微机井中激电仪的应用效果

简述DJJ-1型井中激电仪软件系统和几个应用实例。实例表明,在钻孔见矿的情况下,方位测量可用于查明矿体的空间形态和延展情况。     

基于砂箱物理模拟的断层封闭有效性评价新方法

泥岩涂抹的连续性影响油气跨断层运移,在相似岩性、相似应力条件下,泥岩厚度和断距长度是影响泥岩涂抹连续性的主要因素。本文结合岩芯观察,借助三维定量物理模拟实验对泥岩涂抹的连续有效性进行了研究。结果表明：① 泥岩有效涂抹是决定断层封闭性的必要条件,涂抹连续厚度是封闭性评价的重要参数;② 受剪切作用在断层带中形成连续的泥岩涂抹油气封堵层,其涂抹形成过程分为3个阶段即泥岩层未错断阶段、泥岩剪切涂抹层形成阶段和涂抹层连续性破坏阶段,其中前2个阶段是泥岩有效涂抹阶段,在第3个阶段出现泥岩涂抹连续性破坏从而导致封堵油气失效;③ 基于非连续性等比例模型提出了新的断层封闭性评价参数——泥岩连续涂抹最小厚度,建立了泥岩失去涂抹连续性的非等比例评价理论和数学模型,形成了基于断裂带泥岩连续涂抹断层封闭性评价参数SGRnew新算法。结果表明,考虑了泥岩涂抹有效性而识别的断块圈闭可靠程度高,目标优选更准确,在研究区块圈闭评价应用效果好。     

Narratives in REDD+ benefit sharing: examining evidence within and beyond the forest sector

REDD+ was designed globally as a results-based instrument to incentivize emissions reduction from deforestation and forest degradation. Over 50 countries have developed strategies for REDD+, implemented pilot activities and/or set up forest monitoring and reporting structures, safeguard systems and benefit sharing mechanisms (BSMs), offering lessons on how particular ideas guide policy design. The implementation of REDD+ at national, sub-national and local levels required payments to filter through multiple governance structures and priorities. REDD+ was variously interpreted by different actors in different contexts to create legitimacy for certain policy agendas. Using an adapted 3E (effectiveness, efficiency, equity and legitimacy) lens, we examine four common narratives underlying REDD+ BSMs: (1) that results-based payment (RBP) is an effective and transparent approach to reducing deforestation and forest degradation; (2) that emphasis on co-benefits risks diluting carbon outcomes; (3) that directing REDD+ benefits predominantly to poor smallholders, forest communities and marginalized groups helps address equity; and (4) that social equity and gender concerns can be addressed by well-designed safeguards. This paper presents a structured examination of eleven BSMs from within and beyond the forest sector and analyses the evidence to variably support and challenge these narratives and their underlying assumptions to provide lessons for REDD+ BSM design. Our findings suggest that contextualizing the design of BSMs, and a reflexive approach to examining the underlying narratives justifying particular design features, is critical for achieving effectiveness, equity and legitimacy.

Key policy insights

• A results-based payment approach does not guarantee an effective REDD+; the contexts in which results are defined and agreed, along with conditions enabling social and political acceptance, are critical.

• A flexible and reflexive approach to designing a benefit-sharing mechanism that delivers emissions reductions at the same time as co-benefits can increase perceptions of equity and participation.

• Targeting REDD+ to smallholder communities is not by default equitable, if wider rights and responsibilities are not taken into account

• Safeguards cannot protect communities or society without addressing underlying power and gendered relations.

• The narratives and their underlying generic assumptions, if not critically examined, can lead to repeated failure of REDD+ policies and practices.

     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩储集层裂缝测井识别与有效性分析*

中国页岩油资源潜力巨大,裂缝的发育程度是影响页岩油产量高低的重要因素。以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩储集层为研究对象,通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、常规及成像测井方法总结归纳了研究区裂缝的发育特征,提出“常规+成像+岩心”的页岩储集层裂缝测井综合识别方法,建立了典型裂缝发育类型的测井综合识别图版。结果表明,玛湖地区天然裂缝在风三段密集发育,风一段次之,风二段中部几乎不发育。裂缝主要在长英质页岩、云质页岩和混合质页岩中发育,以高角度构造裂缝与低角度成岩裂缝为主,开启程度高,少数被碳酸盐矿物充填,走向主要为NW-SE向。基于裂缝参数定量计算结果,结合岩性及矿物组分和地应力等因素分析了储集层裂缝有效性。研究认为,脆性矿物组分含量高、走向平行于现今水平最大主应力的高角度未充填裂缝发育段对储集层有效性存在明显的控制作用,与产液资料较为吻合。此裂缝测井综合评价方法效果显著,可为页岩储集层裂缝识别与有效性评价提供方法支撑。     

长效硅钾肥特点、营养机理与展望

根据我国不同钾矿资源贮量、不同钾肥特性的区别以及硅钾肥的营养机理,分析了长效硅钾肥具有肥效持久、富含多种营养等特性,阐明了长效硅钾马可改善品质、增强抗病虫害、抗倒伏能力的作用;并从我国农业发展的需要出发,阐明了长效硅钾肥的生产和施用具有较强的可行性和巨大的市场潜力。     

基于潮汐因子的河北省形变台站映震效能评估

定点台站观测资料作为中短期地震预报的基础性资料,其质量好坏及台站映震效能对地震形势分析研判有重要作用。鉴于此,对“十五”网络化改造后,2008年以来河北省形变台站的观测资料进行潮汐因子计算及映震统计,通过梳理分析、归纳总结得出质量较好的形变台站及测项,用于辅助河北省地震形势研判。     

弹性地基中波阻板对入射Rayleigh波的远场被动隔振研究

针对被保护结构下埋置波阻板的远场被动隔振问题,采用频域弹性边界元法,推导得到了弹性地基中波阻板对入射Rayleigh波散射的边界元方程,在此基础上对波阻板的远场被动隔振效果进行了计算,并对影响波阻板隔振效果的因素进行了分析。研究结果表明:在地基一定深度设置波阻板能够有效降低波阻板上方及后方区域的地面振动;减小波阻板埋深以及增大波阻板厚度均能获得更好的隔振效果;而增加波阻板的剪切模量是提高波阻板被动隔振效果的最有效措施。     

DEA及MDEA模型在港口评价体系中的应用及比较

在分析港口资源经济效益评价方法的基础上,引入DEA及MDEA模型,对我国12家集装箱码头公司的经济效益进行了综合评价,并对它们分别得出的相对有效值进行比较分析。再在原评价体系的基础上构造了一个新的评价体系,进行分析。结果表明,MDEA模型能对所有被评价的决策单元进行充分评价和排序,可以为决策者进行决策提供更加完备的信息。     

旅游解说对园林遗产地游客的影响研究——以广东四大名园之一余荫山房为例

以广东四大名园之一余荫山房为例,分析旅游解说对游客知识、态度和行为方面的影响程度,探讨旅游解说能否作为一种有效的管理工具来平衡遗产旅游与遗产保护之间的矛盾,帮助遗产地实现其可持续的发展目标.研究表明,旅游解说特别是导游解说在游客知识获取、提高游客旅游体验方面起着积极作用.     

有限单元法在首都圈地区跨断层水准测量监测能力初步评价中的应用

以首都圈地区布设在不同断层上的24处跨断层水准观测为研究对象, 建立了地壳分层结构、 含不同倾角断层的三维有限元模型, 模拟计算了断层倾角和走向对跨断层水准观测结果的影响, 并结合跨断层水准测量资料、 震例研究及R值预测评分, 对首都圈地区跨断层水准测量监测能力进行了初步评价。 结果表明: ① 跨断层水准观测能力一定程度上受倾角和走向因素的共同影响; ② 跨断层水准布设于倾角30°~70°且走向与地面水平最大位移方向近垂直时具有较好的映震效能; ③ 首都圈跨断层水准监测体系总体而言具备较强的监测能力。