三峡库区消落区土壤磷释放的环境影响因子

以三峡库区消落区万州段为试验基地,选取释磷能力较强的紫色冲积土,根据三峡水库消落带的"干湿交替"空间和时间特征,进行万州断面土壤磷释放的影响因子的实验室模拟试验和万州江面淹没的对照试验。研究发现,随着淹水时间的变化,各种形态的磷在前5~10d各形态磷变化有相当的差异,随后变化趋势趋于稳定。TP有降低的趋势,土壤磷有一定的释放。野外研究表明Olsen-P在淹水10周左右到达最大值,以后缓慢降低。淹水时土壤Olsen-P增加,干燥后降低。多次淹水时每次淹水后土壤的有效磷水平都略有增加,落干后相较上次落干后有效磷水平降低,最后一次淹水后相较与初始时Olsen-P水平低16.7%。随着淹水深度增加,土壤的Olsen-P水平在淹水时由淹水前20.53mg/kg提高到43.23mg/kg,增加110.6%。当上覆水磷浓度较低时(<2mg/L),磷吸附到达平衡的时间较短,约需要6周。当上覆水磷浓度较高(>2mg/L)时,磷吸附到达平衡的时间较长。微生物活动对淹水土壤的磷释放有一定影响,有微生物时磷的释放高于无微生物者0.048mg/L。种植植物的土壤在淹水后Olsen-P含量大于土壤直接淹没时的释放量,种植狗牙根(Cynodondactylon)和野地瓜藤(Ficustikoua)的土壤中Olsen-P分别较未种植物土壤释放量高出21.5%和12.7%。     

浅谈西部测图工程野外测绘工作如何进行有效管理

阐述了在西部测图工程中,结合两年的野外测绘生产实践,总结出一套完整的西部测图工程野外测绘工作的有效管理模式,为西部测图的顺利实施提供可靠保障,使西部测图工程野外测绘工作的管理更加科学和高效.     

Optimization of SAGD Well Elevation

The application of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) to recover heavy oil sands is becoming increasingly important in the northern Alberta McMurray Formation because of the vast resources/reserves accessible with this mechanism. Selecting the stratigraphic elevations of SAGD well pairs is a vital decision for reservoir evaluation and planning. The inherent uncertainty in the distribution of geological variables significantly influences this decision. Geostatistical simulation is used to capture geological uncertainty, which is used can be transformed into a distribution of the best possible well pair elevations. A simple exhaustive calculation scheme is used to determine the optimum stratigraphic location of a SAGD well pair where the recovery R is maximized. There are three basic steps to the methodology: (1) model the uncertainty in the top continuous bitumen (TCB) and bottom continuous bitumen (BCB) surfaces, (2) calculate the recovery at all possible elevation increments within the TCB and BCB interval, and (3) identify the elevation that maximizes R. This is repeated for multiple TCB/BCB pairs of surfaces to assess uncertainty. The methodology is described and implemented on a subset of data from the Athabasca Oilsands in Fort McMurray, Alberta.     

裂隙型单斜介质中弹性系数的计算及波的传播特性研究

根据Hudson等关于裂隙介质弹性系数计算的扰动理论及Bond变换矩阵原理，给出了各向同性介质中含多组垂直裂隙时等效弹性系数的计算方法。计算了含两组斜交的垂直裂隙形成的单斜各向异性介质中的等效弹性系数，并根据Christoffel方程推导、得出水平面内平面波传播的相速度和群速度随方位变化的特性。     

Numerical Calculation of Equivalent Cell Permeability Tensors for General Quadrilateral Control Volumes

A new method for upscaling fine scale permeability fields to general quadrilateral-shaped coarse cells is presented. The procedure, referred to as the conforming scale up method, applies a triangle-based finite element technique, capable of accurately resolving both the coarse cell geometry and the subgrid heterogeneity, to the solution of the local fine scale problem. An appropriate averaging of this solution provides the equivalent permeability tensor for the coarse scale quadrilateral cell. The general level of accuracy of the technique is demonstrated through application to a number of flow problems. The real strength of the conforming scale up method is demonstrated when the method is applied in conjunction with a flow-based gridding technique. In this case, the approach is shown to provide results that are significantly more accurate than those obtained using standard techniques.     

关于新疆煤炭工业可持续发展的思考

阐述了新疆煤炭工业发展中存在的主要问题,分析了新疆煤田地质工作的发展方向及当前工作重点,并对新疆煤炭工业的可持续发展战略提出了政策性建议。     

论层序地层学与含油气系统在油气勘探中的联系——以鄂尔多斯中生代盆地为例

虽然层序地层学与含油气系统理论的各自研究对象和研究方法不同，但由于层序地层学研究对象(沉积岩)是含油气系统研究对象(油气)的载体，二者可以由含油气盆地分析有机的结合起来。层序地层分析包含了对含油气系统的地质要素及成藏作用载体的分析，因而沉积层序的组成单元与含油气系统的地质要素有必然的联系：在一个沉积盆地的数个沉积层序中，成熟烃源岩往往是地史中具一定埋深、分布广、厚度大、有机质含量高的凝缩层，这个凝缩层往往是一个构造超层序的最大海(湖)泛面；储集岩往往是成熟烃源岩之上层序的低水位体系域或紧邻成熟烃源岩的高水位体系域；有效盖层为储集岩之上层序的水进体系域及凝缩层；成熟烃源岩之上的沉积层序为上覆岩层；低水位体系域储集岩有可能沿上倾方向尖灭，被层序界面及其上层序的水进体系域岩性圈闭；除构造裂缝外，低水位体系域下切谷可作为油气向上运移通道；一个含油气系统往往跨越不同的沉积层序甚至构造超层序。     

利用信噪比削弱GPS多路径效应的研究

由于多路径误差的非时空相关性,使其成为双差模型中较难解除的误差源。本文利用观测值的信噪比对观测值质量进行评价,通过降低受多路径效应影响的观测值的权重,从而达到削减多路径误差的目的。最后通过实验数据解算结果的重复性验证了此方法的有效性和可靠性。