Do benthic biofilters contribute to sustainability and restoration of the benthic environment impacted by offshore cage finfish aquaculture?

Benthic biofilters were deployed under a cage fish farm and in two reference locations to assess the influence of the farm on the biofilters and the surroundings, as well as to verify the usefulness of this technology as a mitigation tool. The biofilters underneath the farm recruited a fouling community practically identical to that of the control biofilters, which included a variety of trophic strategies. The former showed a higher ¹⁵N enrichment, indicating that fouling beneath the farm was benefiting from the farm waste. The waste retention efficiency was low (0.02 g N m⁻² month⁻¹) beneath the farm. Benthic biofilters aggregated demersal wild fish around and within them. Pelagic wild fish also frequently used the biofilters beneath the farm, forming compact shoals around them. The increased complexity of the habitat below the fish farm enhanced biodiversity, but this improvement did not lead to the recovery of the sediments around the biofilters.     

Polychaete/amphipod ratio as an indicator of environmental impact related to offshore oil and gas production along the Norwegian continental shelf

Benthic faunal data is regularly collected worldwide to assess the ecological quality of marine environments. Recently, there has been renewed interest in developing biological indices able to identify environmental status and potential anthropogenic impacts. In this paper we evaluate the performance of a general polychaete/amphipod ratio along the Norwegian continental shelf as an environmental indicator for offshore oil and gas impacts. Two main trends are apparent: first, a contamination gradient is discernible from where production takes place compared to stations 10,000 m away. Second, the quality of the marine environment has improved over time. These results are consistent with monitoring reports employing a combination of uni- and multi-variate statistics. Thus, we consider this ratio as a relatively simple, useful and potentially cost-effective complement to other more demanding assessment techniques. Because of its strong theoretical basis, it may also be useful for detecting ecological change as a result of other activities.     

Pipe Service Age Effect on Chlorine Decay in Drinking‐Water Transmission and Distribution Systems

Maintaining acceptable quality of water transported in the transmission and distribution system requires the chlorination of water beyond the treatment plant. While flowing through pipes, the chlorine concentration decreases for different reasons. Reaction with the pipe material itself and the reaction with both the biofilm and tubercles formed on the pipe wall are known as pipe wall demand. This varies with pipe parameters. The aim of this paper was to assess the impact of the service age of pipes on the chlorine wall decay constant. One hundred and fifty three pipe sections of different sizes and four different pipe materials were collected and tested for their chlorine first‐order wall decay constants. The results showed that pipe service age was an important factor that must not be ignored. For the range of the 55 years of pipe service age used in this study, the change in the wall decay ranged from 8 to 531% of the corresponding values in the recently installed pipes. The effect of service age on the wall decay constants was most evident in steel pipes. Other important findings were reached.     

Uncertainty assessment for watershed water quality modeling: A Probabilistic Collocation Method based approach

Watershed water quality models are increasingly used in management. However, simulations by such complex models often involve significant uncertainty, especially those for non-conventional pollutants which are often poorly monitored. This study first proposed an integrated framework for watershed water quality modeling. Within this framework, Probabilistic Collocation Method (PCM) was then applied to a WARMF model of diazinon pollution to assess the modeling uncertainty. Based on PCM, a global sensitivity analysis method named PCM-VD (VD stands for variance decomposition) was also developed, which quantifies variance contribution of all uncertain parameters. The study results validated the applicability of PCM and PCM-VD to the WARMF model. The PCM-based approach is much more efficient, regarding computational time, than conventional Monte Carlo methods. It has also been demonstrated that analysis using the PCM-based approach could provide insights into data collection, model structure improvement and management practices. It was concluded that the PCM-based approach could play an important role in watershed water quality modeling, as an alternative to conventional Monte Carlo methods to account for parametric uncertainty and uncertainty propagation.     

浅析山西长治数字测震台网维护工作

文章概述了山西长治数字测震台网的系统构成,并对台网的维护工作从维修次数、故障类型等方面进行分析,认为,要保证观测质量必须做好五方面的维护工作。     

江西罗塘石膏矿床地质特征

江西省贵溪市罗塘石膏矿赋存于晚白垩世地层中,是一个湖相沉积型矿床,已探明资源储量在3000万吨以上,属大型规模。本文主要介绍矿床地质特征、矿石质量及开发利用方向。     

玉树地震医疗卫生问题调查分析及启示

“现场搜索、营救、医疗卫生”是震后抗震救灾过程中最为关键的3个方面,医疗卫生工作的完善程度直接关系到疫情的发生与否以及严重程度如何,对保障人民群众生命安全和身体健康具有重要影响.因此抗震救灾中的医疗卫生工作必须得到高度的重视.本文基于1013份玉树地震救灾情况的问卷调查结果,吸取了汶川地震等以往地震的经验和教训,对震后...     

雷达资料传输质量的影响因素及应对措施

介绍了河北省目前新一代天气雷达传输与共享资料的种类及实现方法,并结合近年来河北省雷达资料传输的实际情况对影响雷达数据传输的主要因素进行了分析。指出影响新一代天气雷达资料传输质量的因素来自网络和通信线路、传输软件、雷达设备和人为因素等多个环节,并给出了各种影响因素相应的处理措施,为新一代天气雷达的资料共享、监控和提高雷达资料业务传输质量提供参考。     

北京地区自动气象站气温观测资料的质量评估

该文从完整性、准确性、可靠性3个方面设计了自动气象站数据质量评估的流程,并对北京地区187个自动气象站1998—2009年逐时气温资料进行了质量评估。结果显示:北京地区自动气象站建设初期重点兼顾城区和山区的布设策略,为北京区域气候研究提供了较好的基础;北京地区正常运行的自动气象站发生中度和重度缺测的站点相对较少,离散和轻度连续的缺测较集中,具有较好的区域一致性;错误发生率最高为3.8%,大多数年份错误发生率均在1%以下,可见自动气象站错误数据相对较少;尽管可疑数据涉及的站点相对较多,但经空间一致性检查后,有超过50%可归并为正确数据。评估分析结果表明:北京地区自动气象站数据具有一定的准确性和可靠性,具有较强的应用潜力和前景。     

固体化学盐样检测数据的质量控制

固体化学盐样作为我国西部地区特有的矿产资源,目前缺乏盐湖样品分析相应的国家标准,在分析固体化学盐样的实验室对该类样品的分析方法没有统一规范,因此对固体化学盐样监测数据的合理性检验显得尤为重要。文章结合《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》(DZ/T 0130—2006),介绍了氯化物及硫酸盐型固体化学盐样检测数据的质量控制及判断方法,包括在样品加工过程中掌握矿区的盐样类型,提供水分的检测数据;将盐样分析数据的离子质量分数换算为化合物质量分数时,要正确把握各种化合物的换算顺序和原则;利用阴阳离子平衡原理初步判断样品分析质量;充分了解样品的分析结果,根据配盐后各化合物的物理性质,通过分析元素加和判断样品分析质量;通过离子间的关系、加标回收和重复性实验、不同分析方法比对来判断样品分析质量。简要提出了氯化钠、氯化钾、高纯氯化镁、高纯氯化锂等特殊固体盐样的质量控制方法,以保证固体盐样实验室分析数据的准确性和可靠性。