基于松弛法的影像边缘提取

提出一种基于松弛法的影像边缘提取算法．本文详述了边缘标号的设置及初始概率的计算，并根据邻域内的信息分布，综合考虑了边缘的先验知识，设计出自适应的支持函数．     

地震波动力学特征变化指标在短期地震预报中的应用

本文研究了地震前地震波动力学特征的变化，主要是波形和频谱的变化，并从中提取出可望在短期（半年以内）地震预报中应用的一些预报指标。这些指标包括：Ｐ波初始部分波形的时间线性度和空间线性度，初始段平均半周期，Ｓ，Ｐ波频谱的峰值频率，拐角频率，相对带宽度，相对频谱峰值，高频段的谱线斜率绝对值等。同时还研究了短周期地脉动的波形线性度及频谱特征量（峰值频率等）在大震前出现的短期（半年以内）和临震（９天以内）的     

西秦岭北缘断裂带新活动特征

在本文中，作者在近几年进行的大比例尺活断层地质填图工作的基础上，介绍了西秦岭北缘断裂带晚第四纪以来活动的基本待征，研究了该断裂带的空间展布情况、几何学和运动学特征、断层活动速率、古地震与地震重复周期等。结果表明，该断裂带自第四纪以来由压性逐渐演变为左旋扭动，其水平滑动速率为２．１－２．８ｍｍ／年，垂直滑动速率为０．４－０．７ｍｍ／年，地震复发周期约为５０００年。     

望儿山金矿生产勘探超前期限与范围合理性的选择和应用

望儿山金矿浅部生产已接近尾声,其生产正向深部转移,但望儿山金矿深部地质条件十分复杂,为使其生产能更好的延续下去,通过对生产勘探的超前期限与范围合理性的研究和探讨,在总结前人经验的基础上,根据望儿山金矿实际,采用价值法的分析,得出其现有生产勘探合理的超前期限与范围.     

Simultaneous iterative time-domain sparse deconvolution to teleseismic receiver functions

In this paper, we present a new approach to estimate high-resolution teleseismic receiver functions using a simultaneous iterative time-domain sparse deconvolution. This technique improves the deconvolution by using reweighting strategies based on a Cauchy criterion. The resulting sparse receiver functions enhance the primary converted phases and its multiples. To test its functionality and reliability, we applied this approach to synthetic experiments and to seismic data recorded at station ABU, in Japan. Our results show Ps conversions at approximately 4.0 s after the primary P onset, which are consistent with other seismological studies in this area. We demonstrate that the sparse deconvolution is a simple, efficient technique in computing receiver functions with significantly greater resolution than conventional approaches.     

Long‐term landscape evolution: linking tectonics and surface processes

Research in landscape evolution over millions to tens of millions of years slowed considerably in the mid‐20th century, when Davisian and other approaches to geomorphology were replaced by functional, morphometric and ultimately process‐based approaches. Hack's scheme of dynamic equilibrium in landscape evolution was perhaps the major theoretical contribution to long‐term landscape evolution between the 1950s and about 1990, but it essentially ‘looked back’ to Davis for its springboard to a viewpoint contrary to that of Davis, as did less widely known schemes, such as Crickmay's hypothesis of unequal activity. Since about 1990, the field of long‐term landscape evolution has blossomed again, stimulated by the plate tectonics revolution and its re‐forging of the link between tectonics and topography, and by the development of numerical models that explore the links between tectonic processes and surface processes. This numerical modelling of landscape evolution has been built around formulation of bedrock river processes and slope processes, and has mostly focused on high‐elevation passive continental margins and convergent zones; these models now routinely include flexural and denudational isostasy. Major breakthroughs in analytical and geochronological techniques have been of profound relevance to all of the above. Low‐temperature thermochronology, and in particular apatite fission track analysis and (U–Th)/He analysis in apatite, have enabled rates of rock uplift and denudational exhumation from relatively shallow crustal depths (up to about 4 km) to be determined directly from, in effect, rock hand specimens. In a few situations, (U–Th)/He analysis has been used to determine the antiquity of major, long‐wavelength topography. Cosmogenic isotope analysis has enabled the determination of the ‘ages’ of bedrock and sedimentary surfaces, and/or the rates of denudation of these surfaces. These latter advances represent in some ways a ‘holy grail’ in geomorphology in that they enable determination of ‘dates and rates’ of geomorphological processes directly from rock surfaces. The increasing availability of analytical techniques such as cosmogenic isotope analysis should mean that much larger data sets become possible and lead to more sophisticated analyses, such as probability density functions (PDFs) of cosmogenic ages and even of cosmogenic isotope concentrations (CICs). PDFs of isotope concentrations must be a function of catchment area geomorphology (including tectonics) and it is at least theoretically possible to infer aspects of source area geomorphology and geomorphological processes from PDFs of CICs in sediments (‘detrital CICs’). Thus it may be possible to use PDFs of detrital CICs in basin sediments as a tool to infer aspects of the sediments' source area geomorphology and tectonics, complementing the standard sedimentological textural and compositional approaches to such issues. One of the most stimulating of recent conceptual advances has followed the considerations of the relationships between tectonics, climate and surface processes and especially the recognition of the importance of denudational isostasy in driving rock uplift (i.e. in driving tectonics and crustal processes). Attention has been focused very directly on surface processes and on the ways in which they may ‘drive’ rock uplift and thus even influence sub‐surface crustal conditions, such as pressure and temperature. Consequently, the broader geoscience communities are looking to geomorphologists to provide more detailed information on rates and processes of bedrock channel incision, as well as on catchment responses to such bedrock channel processes. More sophisticated numerical models of processes in bedrock channels and on their flanking hillslopes are required. In current numerical models of long‐term evolution of hillslopes and interfluves, for example, the simple dependency on slope of both the fluvial and hillslope components of these models means that a Davisian‐type of landscape evolution characterized by slope lowering is inevitably ‘confirmed’ by the models. In numerical modelling, the next advances will require better parameterized algorithms for hillslope processes, and more sophisticated formulations of bedrock channel incision processes, incorporating, for example, the effects of sediment shielding of the bed. Such increasing sophistication must be matched by careful assessment and testing of model outputs using pre‐established criteria and tests. Confirmation by these more sophisticated Davisian‐type numerical models of slope lowering under conditions of tectonic stability (no active rock uplift), and of constant slope angle and steady‐state landscape under conditions of ongoing rock uplift, will indicate that the Davis and Hack models are not mutually exclusive. A Hack‐type model (or a variant of it, incorporating slope adjustment to rock strength rather than to regolith strength) will apply to active settings where there is sufficient stream power and/or sediment flux for channels to incise at the rate of rock uplift. Post‐orogenic settings of decreased (or zero) active rock uplift would be characterized by a Davisian scheme of declining slope angles and non‐steady‐state (or transient) landscapes. Such post‐orogenic landscapes deserve much more attention than they have received of late, not least because the intriguing questions they pose about the preservation of ancient landscapes were hinted at in passing in the 1960s and have recently re‐surfaced. As we begin to ask again some of the grand questions that lay at the heart of geomorphology in its earliest days, large‐scale geomorphology is on the threshold of another ‘golden’ era to match that of the first half of the 20th century, when cyclical approaches underpinned virtually all geomorphological work. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自动确定图像二值化最佳阈值的新方法

在详细分析二值化处理原理及当前技术的前提下，综合考虑图像的各种实际情况，提出了自动确定图像二值化阈值的增强大津法和边缘检测阈值法。多次实验表明，根据这两种方法确定的阈值对图像进行二值化处理，不仅可有效地解决图像灰度随地特征变化的图像处理问题，同时对于同一信号源的图像也有相当理想的处理效果，该方法可进一步应用于图像分割等。     

基于MAPGIS的地图数字化与地图接边

地图是GIS主要数据源，地图数字化是GIS数据输入的主要手段。分幅数字化常导致数据在接边处不匹配，地图接边是实现数字匹配的重要手段。文中详细了MAPGIS地图数字化输入方法，通过MAPGIS图形变换功能，总结了9幅分幅数字化地图拼接过程，通过MAPGIS图幅接边功能介绍了交互式，全自动，半自动图幅接边操作及如何实现数字接边。     

辽宁岫岩5.4级地震临震预测

简要介绍了1999年11月29日辽宁岫岩Ms5.4地震成功预报的震前主要预测依据及基本思路。通过对震前辽宁地区地震中短期危险性的分析，确定辽南地区是未来主震的危险地区。根据地震活动的区域特性及岫岩偏岭震群活动的规律，判定岫岩震群的前震性质。利用地震活动性参数计算结果和震前在震中及邻近地区出现前兆短临异常的统计分析，进一步论述了震前预测地震三要素的基本依据。