海洋经济研究生教育的兴起与发展

人们对海洋的探索以及对海洋经济的认识和研究,促使海洋经济(专业)教育的兴起。20世纪80年代初期,与"海洋经济"相近方向的研究生教育开始;新世纪以来,明确设立"海洋经济"研究方向的研究生教育得到较快发展。必须积极解决海洋经济的学科性质及其归属、发展定位等限制研究生教育的问题,有关海洋经济科研院所和高校必须大力合作,促进海洋经济学科及其研究生教育的大发展。     

黑河调水的生态经济思考

黑河流域由于人类在20世纪对水资源的非理性利用,使得水资源在生态环境系统和社会经济系统中的分配严重失调,生态经济问题突出。黑河分水的目的是遏制下游额济纳旗生态的进一步退化,本文以水资源为主线,对黑河分水后流域内社会经济和生态状况进行了分析,结果表明,由于流域综合治理和张掖市产业结构调整的保证,流域整体生态经济状况得到了一定的改善,符合帕累托改进原理,为流域生态和经济的良性发展提供了依据。     

景观经济学:内涵、基本问题和研究方法

对自然和人文景观资源消费与创造行为作为经济学分支或研究方向的必要性及其规律进行探索性、综述性分析,在文献梳理基础上提出景观经济学的内涵、基本问题和研究方法等基本结构框架。景观经济学是研究公众对自然及人文景观偏好形成及演化规律、景观资源消费与创造行为经济规律的社会科学,其基本问题包括景观资源价值评估、景观资源最优利用、景观资源开发与保护政策以及多元景观结构的形成与创造等,其研究方法包括消费者意愿调查法、实验与行为经济学方法、逻辑推理法和个案分析法等。     

Climate finance: A transaction cost perspective on the structure of state-to-state transfers

Direct transfers of climate finance from governments of developed countries to governments of developing countries are often perceived as risky due to information asymmetries, the infeasibility of perfect contract enforcement at the international level, and uncertain recipient capacities and respective outcomes. Donor governments usually try to minimize such risks by delegating the provision of climate finance to bilateral and multilateral organizations that implement and monitor projects in recipient countries. Such direct interventions generate an alternative set of transaction costs through the fragmentation of finance flows and proliferation of funding organizations that can put an additional burden on recipient institutions. Moreover, long delegation chains between initial donors and targeted beneficiaries trigger a cascade of principal-agent problems. The benefits of channelling climate finance through the international development cooperation system hence need to be weighed against the opportunity cost of this approach. The potential for such scrutiny is however constrained by a broken feedback loop between donor and recipient constituencies. Only if the extent to which transaction costs accrue and the reasons they do so become better understood, policy makers might be able to address them and chose the most cost-effective channel in each particular case.     

生态经济方向研究生的培养和教育初探

阐述了生态经济学和个人发展的目标手段谱之间的关系,生态经济学和个人面对的问题分类与解决途径,生态经济学中的思维方式,在此基础上总结了学习生态经济学的作用;论述了生态经济学方向研究生培养中存在的问题,并与个人的成功要素对应起来提出了解决问题的思路.最后,从研究生要相信自己,加强基本技能训练,培养健商,培养逆商,培养情商,...     

In the Mountain''''s Shadow: Japan''''s Silk Reelers Blazed an Asian Path of Economic Development

1 Introduction: A Dissonant Fragment On entering Chichibu, many visitors feel as if they were passing through a time warp into another country or a bygone era as the train leaves behind Tokyo抯crowded suburbs and winds through steep slopes forested with oaks, beeches and cedars. The Oku Chichibu highlands, however, are a mere 70 kilometers northwest of Tokyo, or about 50 minutes by rail, less than the average two-hour of daily commute of 搒alarymen?within metropolitan area. The sense of s…     

乡镇“有为政府”产业政策的逻辑与检验——基于新结构经济学视角

为解决乡村振兴中乡镇政府如何选择正确产业和如何制定合理产业政策2个重要问题,运用新结构经济学“增长甄别与因势利导框架”分析并提出乡镇“有为政府”产业政策演化的逻辑框架：1）选择产业,依据“两步六轨法”选择具备相似资源禀赋、约束条件的产业。2）政策制定,针对筛选出的产业制定合理的政策内容、选择适当的政策工具,以支持产业发展。以该逻辑框架为依据分析了云南省西双版纳州勐罕镇的产业现状、目标乡镇比较优势产业,发现勐罕镇领先型产业为菠萝种植业,应通过引进菠萝深度加工企业,建设营销网络、运输网络,提供市场信息支持产业发展;转进型产业为传统种植业和特色养殖业,应通过建立冷链物流等基础设施、培训农户种养能力,提高农户市场参与度;“弯道超车型”产业为酒类制造和傣药生产等,应通过联合农户开发制造技术体系,协助注册品牌商标,建设生产和成品制造基地等促进产业发展,从而完成了逻辑框架的实践检验。总体上,因势利导逻辑框架既结合实际又着眼未来,为乡镇政府的产业政策决策提供了理论指导和经验借鉴。     

Simulation of spatial population dynamics based on labor economics and multi-agent systems: a case study on a rapidly developing manufacturing metropolis

Spatial population dynamics affects resource allocation in urban planning. Simulation of population dynamics can provide useful information to urban planning for rapidly developing manufacturing metropolises. In such a metropolis with a concentration of immigrant labor forces, individual employment choices could have a significant effect on their residential decisions. There remains a need for an efficient method, which can simulate spatial population dynamics by considering the interactions between employment and residential choices. This article proposes an agent-based model for simulation of spatial population dynamics by addressing the influence of labor market on individual residential decisions. Labor economics theory is incorporated into a multi-agent system in this model. The long-term equilibrium process of labor market is established to define the interactions between labor supply and labor demand. An agent-based approach is adopted to simulate the economic behaviors and residential decisions of population individuals. The residential decisions of individuals would eventually have consequences on spatial population dynamics. The proposed model has been verified by the spatial dynamics simulation (2007 to 2010) of Dongguan, an emerging and renowned manufacturing metropolis in the Pearl River Delta, China. The results indicate that the simulated population size and spatial distribution of each town in Dongguan are close to those obtained from census data. The proposed model is also applied to predict spatial population dynamics based on two economic planning scenarios in Dongguan from 2010 to2015. The predicted results provide insights into the population dynamics of this fast-growing region.     

当前全球矿业形势分析与展望

全球矿业发展与工业化进程密切相关,具有与全球经济发展周期基本一致的显著的周期性特征。在同一个周期内,各种资源需求在时间上具有波次(递进)性,它决定着矿业的持续与繁荣。从2003开始全球矿业进入了第3个周期,其特征包括矿业产业集中度加剧、垄断特征更加显著、矿产品低成本时代终结等。同时,这一时期出现了大量国际金融资本进入矿产品市场的现象,使得矿产品价格体系趋于复杂化。从中长期来看,中国、印度、非洲等新兴经济体工业化、城镇化进程不会停滞,刚性资源需求将推动此轮超级周期继续前行。从中短期来看,欧美债务危机继续升级恶化,中东格局正发生着重大变化,全球经济二次探底风险愈发增大。在全球经济增长不如预期、矿产品需求下降、新增矿山产能释放和矿产品价格进入新一轮调整阶段的情况下,未来一段时期内,全球矿业形势将表现为"需求放缓、价格高位、震荡加剧"。     

城镇化进程中农民进城落户意愿影响因素——以河南省郸城县为例

基于“推—拉”理论、新经济学劳动力流动理论,剖析了农民进城落户意愿的城乡作用力、农民进城落户的内部影响因素,并结合郸城县169 份农户有效问卷和村干部调查数据,采用Logistic 回归模型进行了实证检验.结果表明：①农民进城落户意愿可用“推力—拉力”范式解释,包括生活便捷程度、子女的受教育环境、养老医疗等社会福利保障水平、家庭收入和非农就业、消费和生活成本,其中,便捷的生活环境和良好的子女受教育环境是最大的城镇拉力,没有稳定的非农工作是最大的城镇推力.②农民进城落户决策的影响因素涉及个人因素、家庭因素和村庄因素三个层面.年龄、文化程度、家庭生活水平、亲朋好友是否进城落户、村庄医疗卫生条件是影响郸城县农民进城落户决策的主要因素,其中文化程度、亲朋好友是否迁户的影响效应为正,年龄、家庭生活水平及村医疗卫生条件的影响效应为负.