水库现代沉积过程沉积磷的早期成岩作用模型研究

在沉积磷形态分析、孔隙水化学、核素计年以及吸附解吸实验等的基础上,运用一维“反应-平流-扩散”模型,研究了红枫湖现代沉积过程中磷的沉积改造。结果表明:红枫湖现代沉积过程中,有机态磷的矿化分解和铁结合态磷的络合/溶解,是控制沉积物磷迁移转化动力学的主要机制。沉积物-水界面附近有机磷的快速降解,可能克服沉积界面上铁氧化物对溶解磷的吸附缓冲,而形成向水体的磷酸盐迁移通量;自生磷灰石的沉积改造相对不明显,沉积磷向稳定形态含磷矿物(钙氟磷灰石)的转化过程同样不能影响红枫湖现代沉积过程中磷转化的质量平衡。     

North Atlantic climate impact on early late‐glacial climate oscillations in the south‐eastern Alps inferred from a multi‐proxy lake sediment record

High‐resolution multi‐proxy analyses of a sediment core section from Lake Jeserzersee (Saissersee) in the piedmont lobe of the Würmian Drau glacier (Carinthia, Austria) reveal pronounced climatic oscillations during the early late glacial (ca. 18.5–16.0k cal a BP). Diatom‐inferred epilimnetic summer water temperatures show a close correspondence with temperature reconstructions from the adjacent Lake Längsee record and, on a hemispheric scale, with fluctuations of ice‐rafted debris in the North Atlantic. This suggests that North Atlantic climate triggered summer climate variability in the Alps during the early late glacial. The expansion of pine (mainly dwarf pine) between ca. 18.5 and 18.1k cal a BP indicates warming during the so‐called ‘Längsee oscillation’. The subsequent stepwise climate deterioration between ca. 18.1 and 17.6k cal a BP culminated in a tripartite cold period between ca. 17.6 and 16.9k cal a BP with diatom‐inferred summer water temperatures 8.5–10 °C below modern values and a shift from wet to dry conditions. This period probably coincides with a major Alpine glacier advance termed the Gschnitz stadial. A warmer interval between ca. 16.9 and 16.4k cal a BP separates this cold phase from a second, shorter and less pronounced cold phase between ca. 16.4 and 16.0k cal a BP, which is thought to correlate with the Clavadel/Senders glacier advance in the Alps. The following temperature increase, coupled with wet (probably snow‐rich) conditions, caused the expansion of birch during the transition period to the late glacial interstadial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

航空摄影最佳曝光量的选择

分解力是评定影象质量的重要指标。本文介绍利用改进后的国产9 w测微密度仪,测定航空软片静态分解力与曝光量的关系。以最大分解力所相应的曝光量作为确定航摄软片感光度的基准,以此为基础,确定航摄底片的最大密度(D_(max))、最小密度(D_(min))、影象反差(△D)和平均密度(D_R)本文对国产1022T、1022P、柯达2402、2412等航摄软片进行了研究,其试验结果可作为今后修改航摄规范的基础。     

北京地区大灰厂组孢粉组合及其地质意义

大灰厂组沉积在北京西部大灰厂一带发育良好。该组由陆相火山碎屑砂岩、粉砂岩、页岩及砾岩组成，富含狼翅鱼、叶肢介、拟蜉蝣等动物化石和孢子花粉化石，厚度１２０－２００米。与下伏东狼沟组整合接触，与上覆辛庄组假整合接触。其孢粉组合是以ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ占显著优势为特征（６０－８０％）．含有较多Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ，Ｌｙｇｏｄｉｕｍｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ及少量Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ、Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ、Ａｅｑｕｉｔｒｉｒａｄｉｔｅｓ、Ｈｓｕｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ及Ｄｅｎｓｏｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓｖｅｌａｔｕｓ，Ｄ．ｍｉｃｒｏｒｕｇｕｌａｔｕｓ等。与国内外早白垩世的孢粉组合比较，时代为早白垩世韦尔登期。属于旱的热带和亚热带气候。     

彩色红外航空遥感技术在西藏农田非耕地系数测算中的应用研究与实践

西藏自治区的耕地多分布在藏东、藏南河谷地带,多数耕地地块破碎,形态各异,并且有大量的非耕地成分混杂其间,即使采用大比例尺图件,也难以测量准确的耕地面积。为准确查清耕地面积,在西藏土地资源调查工作中,独创地采用了彩色红外条带航空摄影,计算机图像处理系统求算彩色红外航空像片耕地样地中非耕地系数值和建立不同地貌、不同耕地类型非耕地系数检索表等系统的方法。该方法已在全藏调查工作中普遍推广,提高了调查精度,缩短了调查时间,大大减少了人力和经费投入。该项研究为我国山区耕地面积调查提供了有效的手段。     

Identification and occurrence of novel C36–C54 3,4-dialkylthiophenes with an unusual carbon skeleton in immature sediments

A series of novel long-chain 3,4-dialkylthiophenes (C₃₆–C₅₄) was identified in a number of sediments ranging from Pleistocene to Cretaceous. The identifications were based on mass spectral characterisation, desulphurisation and mass spectral data of synthesised model compounds. These organic sulphur compounds are probably formed by sulphur incorporation into mid-chain dimethylalkadienes with two methylenic double bonds. These putative precursor lipids are unprecedented and may be considered rather unusual. The distribution of 3,4-dialkylthiophenes in sediments varies considerably with the depositional palaeoenvironment, indicating that these compounds have a potential as molecular markers reflecting changes in palaeoenvironment.     

尤溪地区侏罗系梨山组沉积岩沉积环境分析

本文在１：５万尤溪县等四幅区域调研工作的基础上，就本区广泛分布的梨山组沉积岩的沉积环境。通过沉积地层的基本层序划分、地方性剖面模式层序的建立及采用相分析，划分出辫状河及交织河沉积。辫状河积的河道宽、深化值大、沙滩及坝形成侧向连续的带状砂体。细粒沉积薄而少，多呈不连续状，构成“砂包泥”的宏观特征，交织河流具低梯度、低弯度、快速填积的低能及广阔的洪泛盆地，河道沉积的砂体在侧向上包含于细粒沉积物中，由于     

Lightning optical pulse statistics from storm overflights during the Altus Cumulus Electrification Study

The Altus Cumulus Electrification Study (ACES) was conducted during the month of August 2002 in an area near Key West, Florida. One of the goals of this uninhabited aerial vehicle (UAV) study was to collect time resolved optical pulse data from thunderstorms. During the month long campaign, we acquired 5256 lightning generated optical pulses. Most of these observations were made while quite close to the top of the storms. We divided our data into two amplitude groups based on prior NASA U2 aircraft optical data and the pulse characteristics. The group of strong pulses with radiance greater than 2.1 mW m^{− 2} sr^{− 1} had mean and median 10–10% optical pulse widths of 770 and 740 μs, respectively, 50–50% pulse widths of 399 and 355 μs, respectively, and 10–90% risetimes of 292 and 260 μs. These values are very similar to the previous U2 based optical results The other group of pulses consisting of slightly more than a quarter of the total pulses observed had radiances less than the minimum values detected in the U2 study. These weak pulses were narrower than the strong pulses with 50–50% mean and median values of 199 and 160 μs, respectively. Only 12% of the flashes observed contained only weak pulses. The source of these weak pulses is unknown, but we suspect that some are artifacts of the close proximity of the aircraft to cloud top.