地质图切剖面中褶皱构造的计算机辅助编绘

计算机对褶皱的处理能力的强弱，是决定地质图切剖面计算机辅助编绘系统实用价值大小的一个重要指标。以兰姆赛分类方案为基础，通过褶皱形态的几何特征分析，提出一种针对简单背，向斜构造的计算机辅助设计算法，并编写出相应的褶皱剖面形态的模拟程序，利用各种不同形态的褶皱实例进行试验。证明该种算法正确可靠，将其嵌入作先前开发的地质图切剖面编绘程序中，可大大提高地质图切剖面编绘的自动化水平。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics . J. O. Ayoade. Conservation and Management of Natural Resources in the United States . Charles F. Bennett. The Keeping of Animals: Adaptation and Social Relations in Livestock Producing Communities . Riva Berleant-Schiller and Eugenia Shanklin, ed. The Evolution of Geographic Thought in America: A Kentucky Root Wilford A. Bladen and Pradyumna P. Karan, eds. Latin America: Geographical Perspectives , 2nd ed. Harold Blakemore and Clifford T. Smith, ed. The Rural Real Estate Market. Department of Geography Publication Series, No. 18 . Chris Bryant. Urban Geomorphology in Drylands . R. U. Cooke, D. Brunsden, J. C. Doornkamp, and D. K. C. Jones with contributions by J. Griffiths, P. Knott, R. Potter, and R. Russell. Italian Geography, 1960–1980. Meeting of the Status of the Geographic Research in Italy, 1960–1980. Treated under the auspices of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and organized by Istituto di Geografia Umana della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Giacomo Corna Pellecrini and Carlo Brusa, eds. The Changing Fenland . H. C. Darby. The Future for the City Centre . R. L. Davies and A. G. Champion, eds. Saudi Arabia, Energy, Developmental Planning, and Industrialization . Ragaei El Mallakh, Dorothea H. El Mallakh, eds. For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry in Mexico's Frontier . Maria Patricia Fernández-Kelly. The Great Lakes Forest: An Environmental and Social History . Susan L. Flader, ed. Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woolen Industry . Derek Gregory Crime in City Politics . Anne Heinz, Herbert Jacob and Robert L. Lineberry, eds. Revitalizing Cities . H. Briavel Holcomb and Robert A. Beauregard. Cartographic Relief Presentation . Eduard Imhof. H. J. Steward, Trans. Soviet Union: A Geographical Survey . S. V. Kalesnik and V. F. Pavlenko, ed. Cognition and Environment . Stephen Kaplan and Rachel Kaplan. Environmental Protection: The International Dimension . David A. Kay and Harold K. Jacobsen, eds. Mathematical Programming Methods for Geographers and Planners , James Killen. Gentrification Amid Urban Decline: Strategies for America's Older Cities . Michael H. Lang. The North Atlantic Sulphur System . Risto Laulajainen. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the Land of Israel, Vol. 2 . Lee I. Levine ed. Jerusalem and Detroit: Recreation Planning and Management . Stanely R. Lieber and Daniel R. Fesenmaier, eds. Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada . L. D. McCann, ed. Scarborough Where We Live: The Residential Districts of Minneapolis and St. Paul . Judith A. Martin and David A. Lanegran. California: The Geography of Diversity . Crane S. Miller and Richard S. Hyslop. Palo Alto The Dilemma of Amazonian Development . Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder Nuclear Waste: Socioeconomic Dimensions of Long-Term Storage . Steve H. Murdock, F. Larry Leistritz, and Rita R. Hamm, eds. Boulder Communism and the Politics of Inequalities . Daniel N. Nelson, ed. The Los Angeles Metropolis . Howard J. Nelson. Dubuque An Historical Geography of Urban System Development: Tidewater Virginia in the 18th Century . James O'Mara. Procedures and Standards for a Multipurpose Cadastre . East Asia: Geographical and Historical Approaches to Foreign Area Studies . Clifton W. Pannell, ed. Dubuque Mackinder: Geography as an Aid to Statecraft . W. H. Parker. Beyond the Urban Fringe: Land Use Issues of Nonmetropolitan America . Rutherford H. Platt and George Macinko, eds. Recreation Geography of the USSR . V. S. Preobrazhensky and V. M. Krivosheyev, eds. Missouri: A Geography . Milton D. Rafferty The Invisible Farmers: Women in Agricultural Production . Carolyn E. Sachs. Cayman Islands Seashore Vegetation: A Study in Comparative Biogeography . Jonathan D. Sauer. Hillslope Materials and Processes . Michael J. Selby. Housing in Britain: The Post-War Experience . John R. Short The Study of Population: Elements, Patterns and Processes . George A. Schnell and Mark Stephen Monmonier. Columbus The Soviet Union: A Systematic Geography . Leslie Symons, ed. The Ottoman Slave Trade and Its Suppression . Ehud R. Toledano. The Impact of Recession on Industry, Employment and the Regions, 1976–1981 . Alan R. Townsend. Landslides and Their Control , 2nd ed. Quido Záruba and Vojtech Mencl. Translated from the Czech by H. Zárubová and V. Mencl.     

绘制PERT网络图自动布点算法的研究

介绍了PERT网络图自动绘制中的一种自动确定网络结点位置的布点算法。该算法为实现PERT网络图的自动绘制，提供了必要的技术支持。其正确性已在多个项目网络图的自动绘制中得到验证。     

活塞加工机床主轴箱的优化设计

本设计采用混合罚函数法对10级活塞加工机床主轴箱进行优化设计。优化目标为展开图上总的中心距为最小。在IBM-PC机上运算10分钟得最优解,最优解值比常规设计值小17％。本文对机床主轴箱的优化方向作初步探讨。     

长距离非开挖穿越技术在岩石层、砂层的施工实践

立沙油品储运项目输油管道东江穿越工程,管道穿越水平距离为1085m。穿越地层主要为不同风化程度的花岗岩及砂层等复杂地层,其中穿越最硬岩石单轴饱和抗压强度达到36．7MPa,采用大型非开挖水平定向钻机进行施工。简述了施工测量及确定方位角、钻导向孔、扩孔及管道回拖等主要施工过程。通过采用加设直径300mm导向套管、布置人工磁场等施工措施,有效地保证了穿越轨迹与设计曲线重合;存泥浆中添加堵漏剂等外加剂,防止泥浆从岩石裂隙巾流失;在施工至砂层时增加泥浆粘度及添加润滑剂等措施防止塌孔．同时减小扩孔及回拖阻力：采用开挖发送沟并在沟内灌水,使管道存孔内保持悬浮状态等措施以减少管道的摩擦阻力,确保管道顺利回拖。     

The structure of the lower crust at the Argentine continental margin, South Atlantic at 44°S

It is well established that the Argentine passive margin is of the rifted volcanic margin type. This classification is based primarily on the presence of a buried volcanic wedge beneath the continental slope, manifested by seismic data as a seaward dipping reflector sequence (SDRS). Here, we investigate the deep structure of the Argentine volcanic margin at 44°S over 200 km from the shelf to the deep oceanic Argentine Basin. We use wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic data to perform a joint travel time inversion for refracted and reflected travel times. The resulting P-wave velocity-depth model confirms the typical volcanic margin structure. An underplated body is resolved as distinctive high seismic velocity (v_p up to 7.5 km/s) feature in the lower crust in the prolongation of a seaward dipping reflector sequence. A remarkable result is that a second, isolated body of high seismic velocity (v_p up to 7.3 km/s) exists landward of the first high-velocity feature. The centres of both bodies are 60 km apart. The high-velocity lower-crustal bodies likely were emplaced during transient magmatic–volcanic events accompanying the late rifting and initial drifting stages. The lateral variability of the lower crust may be an expression of a multiple rifting process in the sense that the South Atlantic rift evolved by instantaneous breakup of longer continental margin segments. These segments are confined by transfer zones that acted as rift propagation barriers. A lower-crustal reflector was detected at 3 to 5 km above the modern Moho and probably represents the lower boundary of stretched continental crust. With this finding we suggest that the continent–ocean boundary is situated 70 km more seaward than in previous interpretations.     

面向直接入库的测量绘图系统的研制

针对现有地形图数据无损转换共享难、无法直接入库(Arc GIS)的问题,利用C#语言及VS2015开发环境,在AutoCAD2015平台下进行二次开发,设计出了一套面向直接入库的测量绘图系统。该系统采用ESRI公司的"CAD制图规范"中存放要素类的定义信息和要素的属性数据的组织规则,使得系统所绘图形不需要经过任何中间处理,就如同使用ArcGIS中的GeoDataBase地理数据库中的原生要素类和原生要素一样。测试结果表明,本系统较好地解决了上述问题,具有较高的应用价值。     

Force-directed layout of origin-destination flow maps

This paper introduces a force-directed layout method for creating origin-destination flow maps. Design principles derived from manual cartography and automated graph drawing to increase readability of flow maps and graph layouts are taken into account. The origin-destination flow maps produced with our algorithm show flows with quadratic Bézier curves that reduce flow-on-flow and flow-on-node overlaps, and avoid sharp or irregular bends in flow lines. A survey of expert cartographers found that flow maps created with our automated method are similar in quality to manually produced flow maps.     

近景摄影测量用于直接生成塑像施工图纸

对高 6.1 9m的塑像模型实施近景摄影测量以直接生成高 61 .9m铜表面塑像的施工图纸。本文报道此工程中建立精度为± 0 .0 5 mm的特高精度工业测量控制网、在解析测图仪上同时处理 4个像对、对塑像进行表面处理、统计塑像耗铜量以及直接提供铜塑像施工图纸等项研究成果。与相仿工程相比较 ,本工程的资金投入与耗时有大幅度的减少     

武汉市轻轨交通一号线一期工程纵横断面测量技术

在阐述了纵横断面野外数据采集的方法后，在AutoCAD2000环境下，利用所编写的二次开发软件，实现了纵横断面的自动绘制，并自动生成了纵横断面的电子文档。