安徽风景区花岗岩断裂构造及景观资源

以安徽黄山、九华山风景区为例，对花岗岩形成的地形陡峭，沟谷纵横，植被茂密的山区，采用水系形态分析，探讨岩石的断裂构造发育规律．指出自然景观与断裂构造的关系，并运用自然界边际效应规律，对景观资源分析作了预测．     

Arsenic contamination in surface drainage and groundwater in part of the southeast Asian tin belt,Nakhon Si Thammarat Province,southern Thailand

The occurrence of human health problems resulting from arsenic contamination of domestic water supplies in Ron Phibun District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand was first recognized in 1987. The area has an extensive history of bedrock and alluvial mining, the waste from which is typically rich in arsenopyrite and related alteration products. In 1994 a collaborative study was instigated involving Thai and British government authorities to establish the distribution and geochemical form of As in surface drainage and aquifer systems in the affected area, the probable sources of As contamination, and the potential for problem alleviation. Hydrochemical analyses of surface- and groundwaters have confirmed the presence of dissolved As at concentrations exceeding WHO potable water guidelines by up to a factor of 500. Contamination of the shallow alluvial aquifer system is systematically more severe than the underlying carbonate-hosted aquifer. Deep boreholes may therefore provide the best available potable water source for the local population. The presence of up to 39% of total As as arsenite (H₃AsO₃) within the carbonate aquifer may, however, constitute a hidden toxicological risk, not evident in the shallow groundwater (in which arsenate species account for > 95% of total As). Mineralogical investigations of As-rich tailings and flotation wastes were undertaken to evaluate their likely impact on water quality. The results indicate that although some flotation wastes contain up to 30% As, the rate of leaching is extremely low. Consequently the As loading of drainage emanating from such waste is below the subregional average. Analyses of the silty alluvium that covers much of the central sector of the study area have highlighted As concentrations of up to 5000 mg kg^–1, probably carried by disseminated arsenopyrite. Following sulfide dissolution, the mobility of As in this material may be high (with resultant contamination of shallow groundwater) due to the low Fe content of the soil. On the basis of the data acquired, a range of pollution mitigation schemes are currently under investigation including Fe supplementation of alluvium and microbial degradation of disseminated arsenopyrite.     

FACILITATING REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTEGRATED MULTI-OBJECTIVE UTILIZATION, MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE LANCANG-MEKONG RIVER BASIN

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基于均值变点分析法的资源三号测绘卫星DSM水系自动提取研究——以云南省高海拔山区为例

水系自动提取是保证基础地理数据现势性的关键,而获得最佳集水面积阈值是提高水系提取精度的前提条件。集水面积阈值一般依靠定性分析的方法获取,采用均值变点分析法定量确定水系的集水面积阈值,可以满足基础地理数据精确性的要求。以云南省龙川江流域为研究区域,基于资源三号测绘卫星ZY-3 DSM和SRTM DEM两种数据,利用GIS工具分别提取该流域水系,再由均值变点分析法确定最佳集水面积阈值,并比较分析这两种水系的提取精度。研究结果表明:1随着集水面积阈值的增加,提取的水系密度减小且趋缓。ZY-3 DSM和SRTM DEM的最佳集水面积阈值分别是6.0 km~2和2.75 km~2;2在最佳集水面积阈值下,ZY-3 DSM提取的河流数比SRTM DEM多20.6倍,河流等级多2级,各级支流数为SRTM DEM的4.7~9.5倍不等,水系密度达到SRTM DEM的4.5倍;3与1:250 000水系数据相比,ZY-3 DSM和SRTM提取的河流点位平均相差395.23 m,RMSE为391.83 m。由此可见,利用均值变点分析法基于ZY-3 DSM提取的水系精度更高,完全满足测绘地理数据更新的现势性、准确性要求。     

Two-phase Material Point Method applied to the study of cone penetration

This paper presents numerical simulations of Cone Penetration Test (CPT) in water-saturated soft soils taking into account pore pressure dissipation during installation. Besides modelling interaction between soil skeleton and pore fluid, the problem involves large soil deformations in the vicinity of the penetrometer, soil–structure interaction, and complex non-linear response of soil. This makes such simulations challenging. Depending on the soil’s permeability and compressibility, undrained, partially drained or drained conditions might occur. Partially drained conditions are commonly encountered in soils such as silts and sand–clay mixtures. However, this is often neglected in CPT interpretation, which may lead to inaccurate estimates of soil properties. This paper aims at improving the understanding of the penetration process in different drainage conditions through advanced numerical analyses. A two-phase Material Point Method is applied to simulate large soil deformations and generation and dissipation of excess pore pressures during penetration. The constitutive behaviour of soil is modelled with the Modified Cam Clay model. Numerical results are compared with experimental data showing good agreement.     

松软突出煤层复合排渣钻进技术试验研究

为提高煤矿松软煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔施工深度和抽采效果,以中风压(0.7～1.2 MPa)复合排渣钻进技术为基础,采用不同规格的螺旋钻具组合配合相应的工艺参数进行现场试验,比较不同钻具组合的应用情况,选择适应松软突出煤层的最优钻具组合与配套工艺,达到高效施工全煤长钻孔的目的。     

天桥泉域与黄河河段的补径排关系变化及其对河川径流的影响

1973年以来,黄河中游河口镇至吴堡之间未控区的实测径流量大幅减少,甚至1/4年份出现负值;基于1956-1972年的降雨--径流关系,1973-2014年降雨条件的径流量偏少84%.分析认为,1973年以后,黄河该河段干流水库蓄水运行导致天桥泉域与黄河之间的补径排关系发生了变化,此变化不仅大幅减少了左岸泉水对黄河的补给量,而且增加了黄河向右岸岩溶含水层的渗漏量,是河口镇至吴堡之间未控区的实测径流大幅偏少的主要原因.本文通过不同时期的降雨径流关系对比,以及林草植被,梯田,用水和坝库水面蒸发等其他下垫面因素减水作用分析,推算出因泉水--河水补给关系变化而产生的黄河径流减少量,平均每年约6~8亿m³.     

日照港十六号路软基处理工程

介绍了日照港十六号路软基加固方案及其加固效果     

水土分离生态综合治理泥石流方法探讨——以青岛市崂山区河东村泥石流治理为例

2005年9月12日,青岛市崂山区河东村发生泥石流地质灾害,其周边大面积山坡仍存在潜在泥石流隐患,有再次发生泥石流的可能。通过对河东村泥石流"致灾因子"和"主灾因子"分析,得出该区发生泥石流的短历时雨强指数KH为1550.8。泥石流产生的物源条件和水源条件是缺一不可的,是水土共同作用的结果,为避免河东村再次发生泥石流,将水土分离是至关重要的。根据现场实际情况,综合考虑各方面因素,摸索出适合河东村泥石流水土分离生态综合治理方法,即地表、地下水土分离—生物生态治理—拦挡工程相结合方法,该方法在投资少、不影响风景区景观基础上,根本治理河东村泥石流发生。     

Improvement of a drainage system for flood management with assessment of the potential effects of climate change

Abstract

Runoff discharge in the Tuku lowlands, Taiwan, has increased with land development. Frequent floods caused by extreme weather conditions have resulted in considerable economic and social losses in recent years. Currently, numerous infrastructures have been built in the lowland areas that are prone to inundation; the measures and solutions for flood mitigation focus mainly on engineering aspects. Public participation in the development of principles for future flood management has helped both stakeholders and engineers. An integrated drainage–inundation model, combining a drainage flow model with a two-dimensional overland-flow inundation model is used to evaluate the flood management approaches with damage loss estimation. The proposed approaches include increasing drainage capacity, using fishponds as retention ponds, constructing pumping stations, and building flood diversion culverts. To assess the effects on the drainage system of projected increase of rainfall due to climate change, for each approach simulations were performed to obtain potential inundation extent and depth in terms of damage losses. The results demonstrate the importance of assessing the impacts of climate change for implementing appropriate flood management approaches.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Chang, H.-K., Tan, Y.-C., Lai, J.-S., Pan, T.-Y., Liu, T.-M., and Tung, C.-P., 2013. Improvement of a drainage system for flood management with assessment of the potential effects of climate change. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (8), 1581–1597.