巷道泄水孔疏干方法在元宝山露天煤矿中的应用

以元宝山露天煤矿为实例,总结了对煤系上覆砂岩、泥岩互层,分布不连续的基岩含水层采用巷道泄水孔疏干方法的施工经验,提出该方法在同类地区具有推广价值      

双核结构模式形成的自然基础

The dual-nuclei spatial structurs is composed of a regional central city,a port city and their spatial relations in certain regions.In general,this spatial structure could be found in most of the coastal regions or regions along big rivers.In terms of the mechanism,the dual-nuclei structure is the result of the spatial interaction and the complementary characteristics of the center city and the port city.The “marginal function” of the port city and its relationship with the central city has long been discussed in the literature.On the one hand,drainage area is the main natural grographical background of the formation of the dual-nuclei spatial structure;therefore,we can build a theoretical geographic structure that is based on the drainage area.On the other hand,vicissitude of the coastline also has important influence on the formation of the dual-nuclei spatial structure.It is especially meaningful if we can notice this when we examine deeply the research on the spatial structure of delta.     

未来气候变化对淮河流域径流深的影响

本文运用多元回归方法,建立有关气候-径流深的数学模型,并用该模型预测在未来气候变化的15种可能情景下淮河三个代表子流域径流深的变化。结果表明:年径流深随年降水量的增加而增加,随年均温度的升高而减少;不同流域对各种气候变化的响应存在着明显的差异,反映出整个淮河流域不同自然地理条件的影响;不同季节的径流深对各种气候变化的响应也存在明显的差异,体现了季风气候对径流的影响。文章还特别关注了暖干天气组合下径流深的变化,提出这种极端气候情景对工农业生产和国民经济建设有着严重的负面影响     

昆仑山隧道洞内防排水及衬砌隔热保温层施工技术

介绍了高原多年冻土世界第一长隧道——昆仑山隧道洞内防排水及衬砌隔热保温层的设计特点, 通过材料性能优选和工艺试验, 选定了适宜于高原多年冻土隧道洞内防排水及衬砌隔热保温层施工的材料, 并制定科学、合理的施工方法和工艺, 确保昆仑山隧道工程质量.     

赤水气田旺隆10井小油管排水采气设想

赤水气田旺隆10井在6年的生产过程中,先后采用过几种采气工艺,效果均不理想.本文通过对小油管排水采气法的原理、优点及适应性的论述,认为此法对旺隆10井是较为适宜的.     

黑河上游水系发育特征分析

对黑河上游山区部分的水系发育特征进行了分析。在1:250 000比例尺的地形图上,黑河河道可以划分为五级。根据Horton的地貌关系统计结果,黑河水系特征不都服从于Horton的河道定律。河道数量定律适用于本地区,但河道分岔比较高。河道长度定律不适用于本地区,在半对数纸上,平均河道长度的累计值与河道级序有较好的直线关系,而河道总长度与级序则呈双对数直线关系。河道频率及河网密度与河谷局地气候呈正相关,湿润气候条件下,河道频率与河网密度较大;反之,干旱气候条件下,河道频率与河网密度较小。但河流的产流则与区域降水量有关。河川径流的泥沙含量与河流切割程度呈正相关,祁连山北坡河流的泥沙主要来源于横向深切河谷。     

黄土高原北部神府东胜矿区暴雨过程动态设计

应用水文学雨型动态设计原理,根据黄土高原北部神府东胜矿区暴雨特征,分析计算出该地区不同雨强不同重现期的暴雨量,并按照矿区最大1 h、6 h、12 h和24 h暴雨记录,采用不同历时曲线的主雨峰对齐、算术平均、滑动挑选的方法,分析概化出矿区不同时段每年一遇的暴雨历时控制雨型,绝大部分高强度暴雨均属于超前型。应用暴雨动态过程设计方法,可以计算分析无气象、水文测站的每一个小流域的暴雨过程。从而为流域产流汇流、侵蚀量的计算奠定了基础,并使所计算出的流量和侵蚀量更有可用性。     

宁夏滥泥河流域古滑坡地貌对村落建设及农业土地利用的正面影响

在野外调查和时、空对比的基础上,分析了宁夏监泥河流域古滑坡地貌与村落建设、水利工程及农业土地利用的关系。结果发现：由于滑坡能改变原地形地貌,它在某种程度上成为当地塑新地貌资源的驱动力,当古滑坡体稳定后,为村落建设和农业利用提供了大量优质的土地,并为修建水库提供了许多优良坝址,这一结果,为辩证认识滑坡灾害,合理利于古滑坡体提供了新素材。     

基于数字高程模型的水系提取算法

介绍基于地表径流漫流模型从数字高程模型 (DEM )提取水系的一系列算法。这套算法完成下述功能 :洼地的识别和填充、平地的抬升、水流方向的确定、上游集水面积的确定和河流栅格网络的生成以及水系的生成和水流线等级的确定。     

Adjustment of a drainage network to capture induced base-level change: an example from the Sorbas Basin, SE Spain

Quaternary catchments in the south of the Sorbas Basin, SE Spain have been affected by two regionally significant river captures. The river captures were triggered by changes in regional gradients associated with sustained Quaternary uplift in the region of 160 m Ma⁻¹. The first capture occurred in the early Pleistocene and re-routed 15% of the original Sorbas Basin drainage into the Carboneras Basin to the south. The second occurred in the late Pleistocene and re-routed 73% of the original Sorbas Basin drainage to the east. This latter capture had dramatic consequences for base-level in the Sorbas Basin master drainage. Local base-level was lowered by 90 m at the capture site, 50 m at 7 km upstream and 25 m at 13 km upstream of the site. The base-level change instigated a complex re-organisation of the drainage networks in systems tributary to the master drainage over the ensuing period (some 100 ka). After the capture, drainage systems closer to the capture site experienced a tenfold increase in incision rates over most of their network. Those located some 13 km upstream of the capture site experienced a fivefold increase in incision, although in this instance, the changes do not appear to have propagated to the headwater regions of the drainage nets. The sensitivity of individual catchments was largely governed by geological controls (structure and lithology). The detailed network evolution in the most sensitive areas can be traced by reconstructing former drainage pathways using abandoned drainage cols and the alignment and degree of incision of the drainage networks. Three main stages of evolution can be identified which record the progressive spread of base-level changes from the master drainage. These are Stage 1 (pre-capture): original south-to-north consequent drainage; Stage 2 (early stage, post capture): aggressive subsequent southwest-to-northeast and east–west drainage developed along structural lineaments first in the east of the area (Stage 2a), and later in the west of the area (Stage 2b); and Stage 3 (late stage, post capture): obsequent drainage developing on the topography of the Stage 2 drainage. All stages of the network evolution are associated with drainage re-routing as a function of river capture at a variety of scales. The results highlight the complex response of the fluvial system, and the very different geomorphological histories of adjacent catchments, emphasising the need for regional approaches for examining long-term changes in fluvial systems.