混合井排水法在滑坡治理中的数值分析——以宝鸡簸箕山滑坡为例

本文将混合井的概念引入滑坡治理的方案中,通过利用混合井排水降低滑坡体内的地下水位,提高滑坡的稳定性.文中提出了混合井排水在滑坡治理中的适用条件,并以宝鸡簸箕山滑坡为例,在软件Modelflow中建立三维模型进行数值模拟,提出了在滑坡治理中的混合井排水的优化方案.     

Elevated sedimentation in lake records linked to agricultural activities in the Ishikari River floodplain,northern Japan

The purpose of this study was to examine the historical change in sedimentation rates in lakes that have been impacted by river regulation and agricultural activities in the Ishikari River floodplain. We dated sediment cores using caesium‐137 (¹³⁷Cs) dating and tephrochronology, and we estimated sediment sources from ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in the topsoil of representative land covers. We found that, between 1739 and 1963, the distance between the lake and the main river channel and whether or not the lake was connected to the river affected the sedimentation rates. After 1963, agricultural drainage systems were established in the Ishikari River floodplain. The average sedimentation rate before and after the construction of drainage ditches varied between 1–66 and 87–301 mg cm^–2 a^–1, respectively. The increase in the sedimentation rate after 1963 was caused by the construction of a number of drainage networks, as well as extensive cultivation activity and/or fragmentation of the swamp buffers surrounding the lakes. The ¹³⁷Cs activities at the surfaces of the lake as well as the catchment‐derived ¹³⁷Cs contributions and ¹³⁷Cs inventory in the lake profiles were used to examine the sediment influx from the various drainage areas after the establishment of the drainage system. Our results indicate that the majority of the lake sediments were derived from cultivated areas, and therefore the catchment‐derived ¹³⁷Cs contribution in the lakes was strongly correlated with the sedimentation rate. The ¹³⁷Cs inventory across all of the lake profiles was also significantly greater than the atmospheric fallout. We identified a negative correlation between the ¹³⁷Cs lake profile inventory and the sedimentation rate. This is because the sediment originating from the drainage areas contained low ¹³⁷Cs concentrations, which diluted the overall concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in the lake sediment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

国外新构造研究进展述评

过去10多年间,新构造学的研究前沿集中在地表过程和地壳过程相互作用的理论模型和实际观察方面。文中从造山带构造、地表侵蚀过程和气候的相互作用,大陆裂谷带中裂谷段的相互作用,横向水系和夷平面等4个方面介绍了国外的最新研究进展并给予评述。作者认为:在地球动力学模型中包括了地表过程是认识造山带和裂开边缘发育的明显进步;横向水系和夷平面成因的地貌学经典概念依然具有生命力     

静动力排水固结法处理淤泥软基振动试验研究

对于高含水率、大孔隙比的深厚淤泥地基,在静动力排水固结法处理中,采用组合式高效夯击减震锤（SAAT）等4种不同形状尺寸的典型夯锤,以975～1 125 kN•m单击夯击能夯击,进行场地振动加速度及夯沉量原位对比测试,获得SAAT夯锤与地基土首次接触、回弹和二次作用历时分别为15,80,35 ms,各锤作用下竖向与水平向加速度分别在10 m与5 m距离内急剧降低,得到满足规范（烈度Ⅶ度）安全要求时SAAT及各夯锤夯击综合安全距离为20～30 m,其中SAAT所需安全距离最小。结果表明,采用SAAT可明显提高夯击效率,并可有效地减小对周边环境的振动影响。此外,对该条件下夯击冲击波的传播及衰减规律进行了总结与分析。     

ZDY1200L型履带式全液压坑道钻机的研制

为适应当前煤矿井下小直径浅孔瓦斯抽放钻进的需要,研制了ZDY1200L型履带式全液压坑道钻机。钻机带有履带行走机构,机动性强;液压系统为开式循环双泵系统,采用负载敏感技术,降低系统功耗;具有可快速方便地调整钻孔方位角的转盘;自带电磁起动器及照明灯,使用方便,安全性强,便于钻孔作业和钻机维修。现场试验表明:该钻机操作简单,移动性好,钻进效率高,性能可靠,钻孔定位和稳固快捷方便。      

动静力排水固结法在淤泥质地基处理工程中的应用

以广州南沙泰山石化仓储区1期淤泥质地基处理工程为背景,介绍了采用动静力排水固结法处理促淤饱和软黏土地基的基本思想和工艺。该工程施工与现场实时监测相结合,利用孔隙水压力、土体分层沉降和载荷试验等检测指标对加固效果进行了监测和检测。工程实践表明,采取动力即低能量“少击多遍”的强夯施工工艺,辅以填土预压和设置竖向塑料排水板的静力方法来加固淤泥质地基,其效果明显,促淤地基的物理力学性能和抗变形性能显著提高,整体加固效果很好,工后各项指标完全达到或超过预期值。     

考虑降雨入渗的有密集排水孔幕渗流场分析

有复杂边界面的渗流场求解问题经常会同时涉及降雨入渗边界和密集排水孔边界,这一般是一个非饱和渗流问题,因此传统的稳定饱和排水子结构模型不能适用。根据2类不同的排水孔,给出了排水子结构典型网格划分型式,提出了相应的非饱和排水子结构水力学模型,并引入传统模型中未考虑的降雨入渗等其它边界,使得模型更全面和完善。     

淄博煤矿矿坑排水的水化学特征及其形成机理的初步研究

本文讨论了淄博煤矿矿坑排水的水化学特征,指出了淄博南部和北部煤矿水化学成分的差异。通过矿坑水形成３个反应过程中水化学成分的计算,初步分析了矿坑水形成的机理：产酸作用与中和作用强度的不同是造成南、北煤矿水化学成分差别的主控机理,产酸作用的差异与煤层含硫量的高低密切相关;北部煤矿第二阶段的反应－铁氧化沉成矿 淀已进行完全或接近完全,而南部煤矿矿坑水仍富铁;参与中和作用的矿物有方解石、白云石及高岭石、绿     

Water contamination and remedial measures at the Troya abandoned Pb-Zn mine (The Basque Country, Northern Spain)

 This article describes a case of contamination of a karstic aquifer by abandoning an underground mine exploiting sulphide ore body. To exploit the ore, the aquifer was drained and the water level declined about 230 m, drying up the spring that had drained the aquifer up to that moment. When the mining activity ceased, the piezometric level recovered and contaminated water began to flow out from a mine adit. The water is high in sulphates and dissolved Fe, although the pH is neutral. When this water reached the nearby creek, the fish population was eliminated, principally due to the presence of toxic metals and the precipitation of Fe hydroxides. The contamination originated in an area of the partially flooded mine rooms where the ore is in contact with both air and water. The acidity generated by pyrite oxidation is neutralized by calcite dissolution. Presently, the mine water is diverted to the old tailings pond which functions as an aerobic wetland. This action has allowed the fish population in the creek to be restored. Received: 20 January 1999 · Accepted: 15 March 1999     

Hydrochemical characterization of acute acid mine drainage at Iron Duke mine, Mazowe, Zimbabwe

 Acid mine drainage (AMD) with a minimum pH of 0.52 was recorded at Iron Duke mine near Mazowe, Zimbabwe during an investigation of the environmental geochemistry of mine waters in the Greenstone Belts of Zimbabwe. Hydrochemical data for waters emanating from the Iron Duke waste-rock pile indicate their super-saturation with respect to Fe and SO₄ ^2–. Extremely high dissolved concentrations of Al, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Cd and As also prevail. Substantial losses of metals from solution occur within 400 m of the AMD source through the precipitation of crystalline sulphates, principally melanterite. Further downstream, hydrous oxide precipitation forms the dominant mechanism of metal attenuation in waters characteristically under-saturated with respect to Fe sulphates. Speciation and saturation index data generated using the equilibrium model WATEQ4F, suggest that such codes have broad utility for generic prediction of the mineralogical contraints on metal mobility in acute AMD systems. Major discrepancies between modelled and empirical hydrochemistries are, however, evident for super-saturated waters in which the kinetics of Fe precipitation are slow, and in which total ionic strengths markedly exceed their theoretical maximum. Received: 28 August 1998 · Accepted: 7 December 1998