一种曲线拟合圆心坐标算法及精度分析

针对在工程应用中,经常需要根据某些圆形物体上的离散点求取其圆心坐标,而采用何种算法简单易行,其精度又与哪些因素有关的相关研究较少的问题,该文提出一种利用曲线拟合求取圆心坐标的简洁算法,并编程实现。然后采用模拟仿真结合统计分析的方法评估了该算法在不同条件下的拟合精度,得出测点误差越大,拟合精度越低;测点个数越多,分布越均匀,拟合精度越高;圆半径对拟合精度影响甚小等结论。在某工程项目中使用该算法得到的结果精度较高,验证了其有效可行,且与采用其他方法得到的坐标值较为接近,说明了该算法的可靠性高。     

空间扰动引力的谱分析

基于重力场的频谱理论，给出了扰动引力在全球平均意义下的功率谱表达式，揭示了扰动引力的传播特性。通过数值试验，给出了扰动引力随高度变化规律，并分析了不同高度上，扰动引力恢复重力场的最高阶数及相应分辨率。从理论上分析了航空重力测量探测重力场中高频信息的能力，对制定飞行方案有一定参考价值。     

Optimisation of underwater visual census and controlled angling methods for monitoring subtidal temperate reef fish communities

Standardised sampling protocols for monitoring fish stocks are essential to assess changes in stock status and provide a means to evaluate the effectiveness of fisheries management measures, such as marine protected areas (MPAs). This study aimed to optimise two standard sampling methods, namely underwater visual census (UVC) and controlled angling, for assessing subtidal reef fish communities. In terms of efficiency, variability and bias, UVC transects were found to be superior to point counts. For controlled angling, an effort of two angler-hours per fishing station provided low catch variability, high catch per unit effort and a representative catch. Whereas UVC provided less variable estimates of relative density, controlled angling provided greater sampling efficiency. It is thus recommended that the two methods be used in conjunction. The optimal sampling protocols identified are suitable for rapid assessments or long-term monitoring of subtidal, temperate reef fish communities.     

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南京市老城区城市建筑点格局研究

城市建筑是城市形态的重要组成部分,而建筑高度对城市三维空间形态有重要的影响。目前,对城市二维形态的研究较为丰富,而对城市三维起伏形态特征及其空间分布格局方面研究较少,对城市上空利用程度及发展规律认识仍相对缺乏。本文以南京市老城区为例,基于城市数字高程模型数据,将城市建筑抽象为三维点要素,运用点格局分析法研究城市建筑三维宏观特征及建筑类型的空间分布规律。结果显示：（1）南京老城区建筑呈集聚分布,聚集性顺序是低层建筑>高层建筑>多层建筑>超高层建筑。除超高层建筑外,低层、多层和高层建筑的聚集程度,随着空间尺度先增后减,均在1.5 km尺度聚集性最大;显示1.5 km的街区单元应是城市规划管理的最适宜单元。（2）南京老城区建筑高度空间分布表现为“三高一低”,即3个高值区（新模范马路、新街口和珠江路区域）和1个低值区（集庆门区域）,它们与不同时期城市中心具有较好的对应关系;不同类型建筑与城市基准地价的相关分析显示,建筑高度的分布与城市基准地价呈现一定相关性。结果表明,点格局分析方法能有效地分析城市建筑在平面及三维的空间格局特征,进一步深化对城市形态特征的认识。     

Precise, automatic and fast method for vanishing point detection

A new automated approach for vanishing point detection in images of urban scenes is described. This method is based on the theorem of Thales. The main contribution of this paper is the automatic and simultaneous detection of all vanishing points of the image, achieved by converting this problem into the detection of circles in a complex cloud of points, in which each point corresponds to a segment and is associated with an uncertainty. This extraction of circles uses a RANSAC method, modified to improve its speed by using accumulation techniques (Hough transform or otherwise). This robust estimation is then refined by least squares error propagation using the individual variances of each segment. The algorithm is robust, its accuracy is optimised and it is entirely automatic. Its successful operation has been tested on a large number of images of varied urban scenes.     

基于回归方程GPS单频精密单点定位算法

研究了单频GPS精密单点定位的算法,包括单频精密单点定位的回归方程及卡尔曼滤波用于单频精密单点定位,探讨卡尔曼滤波的观测方程和状态方程,给出了状态转移矩阵及系统噪声矩阵.通过算例验证了在1s采样率的情况下,定位达到了分米级的精度.     

Vertical distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Western Mediterranean Sea in relation to the hydrological characteristics

Vertical profiles of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from eight hydrological stations in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Sardinia Channel and Algerian Sea, are reported. DOC exhibits concentrations ranging from 58 to 88 μM in surface water, 43–57 μM in the intermediate layer and 49–63 μM in deep waters. The assessment of the hydrological characteristics allows different water masses in the study area to be identified; moreover, different hydrological processes are observed in the Tyrrhenian and Algerian basins. DOC exhibits different values in the different water masses. The lowest DOC concentrations (43–46 μM) were found in the Tyrrhenian Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW). Correlations between DOC and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), investigated within each water mass, exhibit different behaviors in the intermediate and deep waters, suggesting the occurrence of different processes of oxygen consumption in the different water masses.     

机载激光点云中高压电塔自动识别方法

提出了一种基于格网特征的机载激光点云高压电塔自动识别方法。首先对机载激光点云数据进行滤波去噪处理;然后对点云数据进行规则格网化特征分析获得高压电塔粗识别区域;最后对粗识别区域进行外接邻域网格线性特征悬空点集检测以确定电塔识别结果,并以分层切片法分析获取电塔平面中心坐标。采用大型无人机实际线路巡检获取的机载点云数据对本文算法进行验证,试验结果表明本算法可实现高压电塔的快速自动识别,对无人机电力巡检智能诊断具有一定的促进作用。