大井间距井间地震观测试验

介绍了井间地震数据采集方面取得的最新进展．为了使我国井间地震技术实用化,开展了大井间距井间地震数据采集试验．通过地面浅井激发深井接收、深井激发深井接收、不同炸药量、不同传播距离试验,确定了井间地震观测参数．应用改进后的井中安全炸药震源、一个三分量井中检波器和常规数据记录系统,在陕北顺宁油田的顺3井、顺4井和顺5井3口生产井中成功采集到两对大井间距、深井、油井中的井间地震资料,两对井的井距分别为307．92m和470．36m,采集井段为904．31-1272．32m．共设计了4种观测方式,采集到800多炮井间地震记录,对油井无损害．改进型井中安全炸药震源在使用效率和寿命方面有显著提高,可用于商业性并间地震数据采集．     

怀来台震前超低频电场与地震关系研究

用河北省怀来电磁辐射观测台连续１１年观测资料,分析了张北－尚义６．２级地震前超低频电场资料的变化,研究了３００ｋｍ范围内Ｍｓ５．０以上地震和２００ｋｍ范围内Ｍｓ４．０以上地震前记录的超低频电场的变化。结果表明,异常信息量、异常起始时间及持续时间与震中距、震级有关,异常信息在地震发生前达最大值。     

Statistically coherent approach involving log-ratio transformation of geochemical data enabled tephra correlations of two late Pleistocene tephra from the eastern Adriatic shelf

Tephrostratigraphic correlations commonly rely on geochemical composition supported by additional constraints (e.g., multiple stratigraphically ordered tephra, geochronological-stratigraphical constraints, and isotopic determinations), which provide key clues to restrict the number of possible candidates and disambiguate the correlation of a specific tephra among compositionally similar volcanic sources/tephra. However, such additional data may not be available or acquirable, leaving the geochemical data as sole, but challenging viable approach. In this study, two geochronologically poorly constrained late Pleistocene tephra from the eastern Adriatic –from a sand profile on Mljet Island (M-53/2) and from a marine sediment core from Pirovac Bay (PROS 721)– were correlated to known eruptions using only geochemical data (major and trace elements of glass shards), which were treated using both log ratio transformed and raw data. After the statistical treatment of the geochemical data using bivariate plots, linear discrimination analyses and selbal algorithm, the tephra M-53/2 and PROS 721 were suitably correlated with the widespread tephra generated during the Campi Flegrei eruptions of Massereia del Monte (Y-3 marine tephra, 29.0 ± 0.8 ka) and Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (14.5 ± 0.4 ka), respectively. This study showed that the correlation was hardly tenable when using the raw data, as opposed to compositional approach, which yielded satisfactory results. As a consequence, the distribution of Massereia del Monte/Y-3 tephra extended far toward the northeast, while a better chronological model, for reconstructing the paleoenvironmental changes at the Pirovac Bay location and the Holocene sea-level dynamics, could be obtained.     

Statistical analysis on temporal-spatial correlativity within temporal doublets of strong earthquakes in North China and its vicinity

Introduction Being the important evidence of seismic trend prediction, the characters of spatial-temporal distribution of strong earthquakes can, to some extent, reflect the gestation mechanism and the migration law of strong quakes. From temporal point of view, a number of scholars consider the occurrence of strong earthquakes as the independent events, i.e., Poisson process. Based on this assumption, various predicted models are brought forward, such as stationary Poisson model, subsection …     

自动气象观测站远距离数据采集方法

应用以太网技术实现自动气象观测站采集器与上位计算机的数据通信,解决超远距离数据采集,对调整站网布局、特殊环境下自动气象观测站的布设提供了一种解决方法。     

湖北省雷暴日数与云地闪电密度关系研究

为了研究年雷暴日数与雷击大地年平均密度关系,以满足雷电防护工程设计、雷击风险评估和雷电灾害防御工作需要,采用湖北省ADTD雷电监测定位系统探测的2007--2010年云地闪电资料和雷电监测理论探测效率在95％以上的28个气象台站的年雷暴日数,对台站周围不同半径距离范围内年平均云地闪电次数与年平均雷暴日数进行统计分析。结果表明：在台站周围18～20km范围内,相关系数明显增大,其中18km范围内相关系数最大为0．8521。由此可以认为,观测人员一般只能听到观测站点周围18～20km左右的雷声。经统计计算,拟合年平均雷暴日数与雷击大地年平均密度关系式为：Nc=0．029Td^1.5。通过2011年检验表明,采用拟合方程：Nc=0．029Td^1.5计算各台站雷击大地年平均密度明显优于规范方程：Nc=0．024Td^1.3计算的效果。     

建筑物防雷的分类与安全距离

通过对建筑物及建筑物防雷的分类特征进行分析,提出了防雷装置对被保护建筑物之间安全距离计算方法与相应措施。     

全站仪对边测量在基坑变形监测中的应用

全站仪对边测量测站灵活,作业迅速方便,无需量测仪器高。根据对边测量的基本原理分析了测距精度和高差精度,讨论了不同位置对其精度的影响,并结合实际工程,分析了应用对边测量对基坑变形监测的可行性。     

RTK和普通相机自主绝对定向的碎部测图方法

针对近景摄影测量影像立体测图中需要物方控制点并对其分布要求高,以及GPS RTK碎部测图无法解决GPS信号不佳处的测量问题,提出一种将GPS RTK和普通相机相结合的联合碎部测图技术。利用GPS RTK与近景相机相对位置关系及GPS RTK三维坐标来计算相机摄站坐标,降低了测量过程中获取拍摄中心位置信息的难度;利用相邻像对中GPS RTK标靶中心像点坐标,对相邻像对进行绝对定向,有效避免了测量过程中对控制点的依赖性。实验结果表明:该技术碎步点测量精度优于10cm,可用于GPS信号遮挡区域的城市大比例碎部测图,并较传统的碎部测图具有更高的效率,具有广阔应用前景。