Perceptions and responses to climate policy risks among California farmers

This paper considers how farmers perceive and respond to climate change policy risks, and suggests that understanding these risk responses is as important as understanding responses to biophysical climate change impacts. Based on a survey of 162 farmers in California, we test three hypotheses regarding climate policy risk: (1) that perceived climate change risks will have a direct impact on farmer's responses to climate policy risks, (2) that previous climate change experiences will influence farmer's climate change perceptions and climate policy risk responses, and (3) that past experiences with environmental policies will more strongly affect a farmer's climate change beliefs, risks, and climate policy risk responses. Using a structural equation model we find support for all three hypotheses and furthermore show that farmers’ negative past policy experiences do not make them less likely to respond to climate policy risks through participation in a government incentive program. We discuss how future research and climate policies can be structured to garner greater agricultural participation. This work highlights that understanding climate policy risk responses and other social, economic and policy perspectives is a vital component of understanding climate change beliefs, risks and behaviors and should be more thoroughly considered in future work.     

Multivariable variogram and its application to the linear model of coregionalization

In this article, we present the multivariable variogram, which is defined in a way similar to that of the traditional variogram, by the expected value of a distance, squared, in a space withp dimensions. Combined with the linear model of coregionalization, this tool provides a way for finding the elementary variograms that characterize the different spatial scales contained in a set of data withp variables. In the case in which the number of elementary components is less than or equal to the number of variables, it is possible, by means of nonlinear regression of variograms and cross-variograms, to estimate the coregionalization parameters directly in order to obtain the elementary variables themselves, either by cokriging or by direct matrix inversion. This new tool greatly simplifies the procedure proposed by Matheron (1982) and Wackernagel (1985). The search for the elementary variograms is carried out using only one variogram (multivariable), as opposed to thep(p + 1)/2 required by the Matheron approach. Direct estimation of the linear coregionalization model parameters involves the creation of semipositive definite coregionalization matrices of rank 1.     

空间测边交会的解法、精度估算和最佳图形探讨

本文介绍空间测边交会的三种解法。利用矩阵迹的性质,巧妙推出了实用的精度估算式,并由此得出空间测边交会的最佳图形为交会角皆是90°的四面体的结论。     

水平电偶源频率测深中全区视电阻率定义的新方法

从电磁场的统一性出发，分析了水平电偶源频率测深中等效电阻率的算法原理和具体定义．分析表明，等效电阻率可明显地改善波区视电阻率在非波区场的畸变，较为形象、直观地反映出地电断面的电性变化．数值计算、三维模型计算和实际数据处理表明，等效电阻率具有良好的特性和应用前景．     

A comparison of two avalanche-models with exemplary avalanches of Tyrol and Switzerland and the effects to hazard zoning

For the purposes of a thesis at the Institute of avalanche and torrent control at the university of agriculture in Vienna a comparison of two avalanche-models, a hydraulic one from Voellmy/Salm/Gubler and a statistical one from Laatsch/Zenke/Dankerl with exemplary exactly known avalanches of Tyrol and Switzerland was started in 1993. The result of this work was that both models failed by the calculation of avalanches with high recurrence intervals (over 300 years). For the calculation of avalanches with recurrence intervals under 300 years the results of both models are regular. The conclusion is that a combination of two models i.e. a hydraulic one improved by statistical calculations will be the best.     

三维F－K域DMO方法及应用效果

在常速情况下，从三维时距方程出发，通过倾角代换，将三维倾角时差分裂为两个正交方向上的二维倾角时差，然后在这两个正交方向上分别做一次二维倾角时差校正，便可达到三维倾角时差校正的目的．应用实例表明这种三维ＤＭＯ分裂方法是切实有效的．     

使用SSDP软件处理地震时应注意的几个问题

依据从事数字化地震监测的实际经验，对使用SSDP软件处理地震事件过程中应注意的问题做了初步归纳和总结，并给出了具体解决办法。     

全站仪近距离测距精度检验方法的探讨

提出了室内基线法，给出了相应的数据处理方法，并用实测数据进行了计算，结果显示全站仪在室内、短边条件下的测距精度较标称精度有很大的提高。该法所得结果与现存两种方法的结果基本相当，从而证明了该法能够客观地反映出工业测量用全站仪的近距离测距精度。     

顾及起始数据误差的双点测边交会的精度计算

推导了起始数据误差对双点测边交会定点精度影响的估算式，并依此给出顾及起始数据误差的点位精度计算公式。