非连续子母块体理论模型研究(Ⅰ):基本理论

对节理岩体的非连续变形与破坏失稳的数值模拟分析是目前岩土力学与工程领域中的前沿课题之一,岩体由节理裂隙以及由其切割而成岩石块体组成,介于连续与非连续之间,由于其内部结构的不确定性造成了其宏观力学行为的复杂性。在讨论了岩体破坏失稳的研究尺度的基础上,从多尺度耦合的角度出发,同时考虑连续问题、非连续问题以及连续问题向非连续问题转化,提出了非连续子母块体理论模型。在非连续子母块体理论模型中,假定岩体与岩体内部被层理、节理等结构面所切割而成的岩石块体均属于宏观尺度,把宏观的岩石块体定义为母块体,用假想的人工节理将其继续分为若干更小的块体,更小的块体称为子块体,子块体为各向同性的均质体,并且在计算中不再发生破坏分解为更小的块体,作为计算分析的基本单元,子块体的研究尺度属于细观尺度。模型也重新定义了子块体间的接触,并将其划分为连续接触与非连续接触两种类型,连续接触在一定条件下发生破坏转化为非连续接触;采用增广拉格朗日乘子法对子块体间的接触进行处理,能够计算出准确的弹簧接触力。     

间断性阶梯抽水试验求解水文地质参数解析法

针对利用间断性阶梯流量抽水试验资料求解水文地质参数采用试算法、特殊标准曲线比对法及线性回归法等存在的计算过程繁复、人为误差难免、图表束缚严重等问题,采用优化拟合方法,在工程适应参数范围内,通过对以级数表示的泰斯井函数的简单函数替代,并依据抽水试验降深时间关系曲线上的选点,采用降深比值法,经对间断性阶梯流量抽水井流函数的整理推导,获得了可直接完成相关水文地质参数求解的一元二次方程,求解过程简捷直观,便于实际工程应用。精度分析表明,在工程适用参数范围内,最大相对误差小于2%,完全满足实际工程的计算精度要求。     

基于OpenMP的非连续变形分析并行计算方法

非连续变形分析（DDA）方法严格满足平衡要求和能量守恒,具有完全的运动学及数值可靠性,但对大规模岩土工程问题的数值模拟耗时太长,尤其是线性方程组求解,并行计算可以很好地解决该问题。首先基于DDA方法的基本理论,阐述了适用于DDA方法中的基于块的行压缩法和基于“试验-误差”迭代格式的非零位置记录;其次,引入块雅可比迭代法并行求解DDA方法的线性方程组,并改进了相应的非零存储方法;最后,基于OpenMP实现了DDA线性方程组求解并行计算,并将其应用于地下洞室群的破坏过程分析,以加速比为并行效率的指标评价,结果表明,该并行计算策略可以极大提高DDA的计算效率,而且适合各种规模的问题。     

球面上的块体系统非连续变形反分析法

根据球坐标系下弹性力学的几何方程，推导出球面上块体的位移方程。在球面块体边界均由大圆弧段构成的假设下，导出了块体间距离的计算公式，给出了排除块体间相互入侵和保持合理接触的运动学约束条件及其惩罚函数形式。按最小二乘原理，建立了球面坐标系下的法方程组及其系数矩阵的具体形式。最后，对入侵判定进行了讨论并提出了解决方法。     

Numerical methods for flow in a porous medium with internal boundaries

Flow of fluids and transport of solutes in porous media are subjects of wide interest in several fields of applications: reservoir engineering, subsurface hydrology, chemical engineering, etc. In this paper we will study two-phase flow in a model consisting of two different types of sediments. Here, the absolute permeability, the relative permeabilities and the capillary pressure are discontinuous functions in space. This leads to interior boundary value problems at the interface between the sediments. The saturation S_w will be discontinuous or experience large gradients at the interface. A new solution procedure for such problems will be presented. The method combines the modified method of characteristics with a weak formulation where the basis functions are discontinuous at the interior boundary. The modified method of characteristics will provide a good first approximation for the jump in the discontinuous basis functions, which leads to a fast converging iterative solution scheme for the complete problem. The method has been implemented in a two-dimensional simulator, and results from numerical experiments will be presented. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

节理岩体损伤变量确定的分形方法

针对节理岩体损伤张量采用统计概率模型确定存在问题,首先建立了岩体结构分维与波速的关系方程,验证了采用分维数进行岩体质量评价的可行性,然后提出了采用室内岩块波速值与岩体结构分维确定节理岩体损伤变量的分形方法。     

消除"不规则频率"的非连续高阶元方法

针对使用边界元法计算波浪与结构物相互作用时所出现的“不规则频率”现象，采用连续高阶元和部分非连续高阶元对通过修改积分区域所获得的边界积分方程进行离散，有效地消除了“不规则频率”现象的发生。波浪作用下的截断圆柱所受到的水平波浪力和垂向波浪力的数值计算结果验证了该方法的有效性，同时考虑了非连续单元配置点的选择及单元划分数目对消除效果的影响。     

Numerical simulation of a discontinuous gallery lining's behavior,and its interaction with rock

Deep excavation in some geological media needs lining of the gallery. This could limit the extent of the so‐called excavation damaged zone and the resulting convergence of the material due to tunneling. Boom clay, the reference potential host rock in Belgium for disposal of high‐level radioactive waste, is one of these media for which lining of the gallery walls is essential. A correct simulation of the lining behavior in the course of the excavation process, where the rock comes into contact with the lining, and in the long term, remains a significant challenge in analysis of the whole coupled phenomena of rock in interaction with the lining. This study aims to numerically model the lining behavior. The main objective is to develop a model that could realistically simulate the behavior of a discontinuous lining made of concrete segments. We propose to numerically analyze the response of the blocks in contact with each other and in interaction with rock, with the use of zero‐thickness interface elements. To validate the developed model and a proposed approach, a particular analysis compares the obtained results with the available in situ measurements. This study then discusses the deficiency of the simplistic model that considers a continuous lining. In addition, regarding the contact mechanism on the interface between the rock and the lining, the obtained results demonstrate an interesting relation between the contact phenomena and the shear banding within the rock around the gallery. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑降雨入渗的非连续性岩体边坡稳定分析

由于断层和节理切割,边坡岩体一般具有非连续特性,降雨入渗是影响其稳定的重要因素之一。应用饱和与非饱和渗流理论建立了岩体边坡的非稳定饱和与非饱和渗流分析模型,并采用块体系统的非连续变形分析建立了降雨入渗非饱和渗流场影响的岩体边坡稳定分析和评价模型。作为应用实例,对某高速公路岩体边坡在降雨入渗条件下的非稳定饱和与非饱和渗流场及其对边坡稳定性的影响进行详细分析,并对边坡的稳定性进行评价。     

非连续子母块体理论模型研究(Ⅱ):实例分析

依据第Ⅰ部分所提出的非连续子母块体理论模型,应用Visual C++语言开发了基于Windows的面向对象的非连续子母块体计算分析模块。通过斜面滑块、两块体相互作用、悬臂梁端部受力等算例验证了所提出的非连续子母块体理论模型及所开发的计算分析模块的可行性与有效性。将开发的计算分析模块应用于石拱桥受极限荷载发生破坏失稳的工程实例中,通过与其他算法的计算结果进行对比讨论,证明了非连续子母块体理论模型在处理材料破坏问题方面的优越性。