遥感技术及在城市国土规划中的应用

遥感技术是获取城市空间信息的现代化手段。遥感测绘技术在大比例尺数字化制图、辅助城市规划设计、专题信息调查等方面,可为城市规划和国土资源管理提供重要支持。     

An analysis and comparison of observed Pleistocene South Carolina (USA) shoreline elevations with predicted elevations derived from Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages

Geological maps of South Carolina, covering > 6800 km², confirm the existence of eight preserved Pleistocene shorelines above current sea level: Marietta (+ 42.6 m), Wicomico (+ 27.4 m), Penholoway (+ 21.3 m), Ladson (+ 17.4 m), Ten Mile Hill (+ 10.7 m), Pamlico (+ 6.7 m), Princess Anne (+ 5.2 m), and Silver Bluff (+ 3 m). Current geochronologic data suggest that these eight shorelines correlate with Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages (MIS) as follows: Marietta—older than MIS 77; Wicomico—MIS 55–45; Penholoway—MIS 19 or 17; Ladson—MIS 11; Ten Mile Hill—MIS 7; Pamlico—MIS 5; Princess Anne—MIS 5; and Silver Bluff—MIS 5 or 3. Except for the MIS 5e Pamlico, and possibly the MIS 11 Ladson, the South Carolina elevations are higher than predicted by isotope proxy-based reconstructions. The < 4 m of total relief from the Pamlico to the Silver Bluff shoreline in South Carolina, for which other reconstructions suggest an expected relief of ~ 80 m, illustrates the lack of match. Our results suggest that processes affecting either post-depositional changes in shoreline elevations or the creation of proxy sea-level estimates must be considered before using paleo sea-level position on continental margins.     

澳大利亚三维地质填图进展与实例

三维地质填图是目前国际上实现深部找矿勘查突破的重要途径,其通过对多元数据的集成,将不同学科、不同尺度的数据在三维空间中进行分析和对比,展示研究区地质体、构造之间的空间、成因和演化关系,有助于理解成矿系统和开展流体模拟,进而预测深部找矿靶区。本文从三维地质填图的概念出发,介绍了三维地质填图的工作流程和常用的工作平台。结合澳大利亚三个三维地质填图实例,介绍了三维地质填图在成矿带、油气和水资源领域中的应用和进展。通过对澳大利亚三维地质填图的综合分析,提出了对我国开展三维地质填图工作启示和建议。     

浅谈AutoLISP语言在房产测绘中的应用

随着房地产业的迅速发展,房地产已经成为我国经济发展的重要支柱之一。它拉动了GDP的增长,带动了相关产业的发展,在提供就业岗位的同时也促进了社会的和谐发展。房地产测绘是关系到民生稳定的重要测绘项目。然而在复杂繁琐的房产测绘中,如何以更高的效率处理房产测绘数据,并保证数据的可靠性,是我们不得不考虑的问题。在这里,我们浅谈AutoLISP语言在房产测绘数据处理中的应用。     

MapGIS及其二次开发软件Section和Excel软件的交互应用与探讨

在地质灾害防治规划中《地质灾害现状及易发区、危险区（点）分布图》和《地质灾害防治规划图》分别是一定区域内地质灾害点（区）现状及未来防治任务的直观体现。本文论述MAPGIS二次开发软件Section和Microsoft Office Excel软件在编辑制作该类图件的交互应用和体会。     

国界信息组织与处理研究

在制作边境地区地理图集时,国界信息组织与处理是极其重要的环节.本文研究了国界信息的特点及获取方式,进而研究了国界信息的分类、编码、组织与管理,提出了利用空间相关分析技术和基于规划库的空间推理机制,应用于国界线自动审查,实现了国界信息的可视化检查、统计、分析与更新等功能和手段.     

信息化测绘条件下的地铁施工监测方法探讨

地铁施工监测是保障地铁安全施工的重要手段,同时也为由地铁施工引起的地表环境影响评价提供重要的数据支撑.文中在现代地铁施工技术背景下,以信息化测绘技术为支撑,对地铁施工监测的新内涵进行探讨,对地铁施工监测过程中的信息管理与反馈机制、主要方法进行系统论述与总结,并以某地铁站施工监测为例,对相关技术与方法进行检验,证明技术与方法的可行性和实用性.     

基于工作过程导向的高职《数字测图》课程考核改革与实践

现阶段我国高等职业教育人才培养评价机制大多沿袭高等本科教育的考核评价方式,忽视了职业教育的职业性。考核评价的客观性受到质疑,不利于教学质量的提高,特别是不能满足当前基于工作过程导的高职教学改革的需求。因此,探索适合职业教育特征,能够结合行业要求和学校教育特点来评价学生的职业能力,使考核评价有效促进教学质量的提高,为课程教学的实施提供有效保障的课程考核方案已成为摆在每一位高职教师面前的迫切任务,本文根据基于工作过程的高职课程教学理念,介绍了高职测绘类专业中基于工作过程的《数字测图》课程教学考核方案的设计改革与实践,通过江西环境工程职业学院2个班级的考核实践,证明了本课程的考核方案改革取得了预期的成效。     

CORS系统下GPS-RTK在山区地形测绘中的应用

GPS-RTK技术是测绘行业的一次历史性革命,它以高效精准的定位方式应用于测绘行业的各个领域。本文以北京市昌平区鹞子峪山区测绘1∶500数字地形图为例,对在CORS系统下GPS-RTK在数字化测绘中的应用进行相关介绍。     

An ensemble pansharpening approach for finer-scale mapping of sugarcane with Landsat 8 imagery

We tested the effects of three fast pansharpening methods – Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS), Brovey Transform (BT), and Additive Wavelet Transform (AWT) – on sugarcane classification in a Landsat 8 image (bands 1–7), and proposed two ensemble pansharpening approaches (band stacking and band averaging) which combine the pixel-level information of multiple pansharpened images for classification. To test the proposed ensemble pansharpening approaches, we classified “sugarcane” and “other” land cover in the unsharpened Landsat multispectral image, the individual pansharpened images, and the band-stacked and band-averaged ensemble images using Support Vector Machines (SVM), and assessed the classification accuracy of each image. Of the individual pansharpened images, the AWT image achieved higher classification accuracy than the unsharpened image, while the IHS and BT images did not. The band-stacked ensemble images achieved higher classification accuracies than the unsharpened and individual pansharpened images, with the IHS-BT-AWT band-stacked image producing the most accurate classification result, followed by the IHS-BT band-stacked image. The ensemble images containing averaged pixel values from multiple pansharpened images achieved lower classification accuracies than the band-stacked ensemble images, but most still had higher accuracies than the unsharpened and individual pansharpened results. Our results indicate that ensemble pansharpening approaches have the potential to increase classification accuracy, at least for relatively simple classification tasks. Based on the results of the study, we recommend further investigation of ensemble pansharpening for image analysis (e.g. classification and regression tasks) in agricultural and non-agricultural environments.