塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系数字岩心图像中生物扰动的定量表征*

生物扰动对塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩“基质储集体”储集性能的改造效应具有重要影响。以塔河油田奥陶系岩心为研究对象,利用Adobe^® Photoshop^® CS6软件提供的生物扰动数字图像分析软件包,对岩心数字图像中生物扰动区域进行了识别和定量表征。结果表明: (1)在生物扰动数字图像分析软件包提供的方法中,“相似像素选择法”和“魔棒法”是对生物扰动识别与定量表征最为有效的方法,但二者适用范围不同;(2)“相似像素选择法”适用于生物扰动程度较大,单个形体相对较小且离散度相对较高的情况:当生物扰动充填物和围岩基质边界对比度较大时,应用“选取相似”操作效果最好;而当生物扰动充填物和围岩基质边界对比度较小时,应用“色彩范围”操作识别效果最好;这2种操作都仅能执行1次;(3)“魔棒法”对于识别生物扰动区域形体大而分布连续,且充填物颜色不同的情况具有独到优势;该方法可以通过多次重复操作以及调整“容差”来提高生物扰动区域与围岩基质的识别度。该研究对从生物成因角度解释碳酸盐岩“基质储集体”的非均质性与分布规律、实现增强储集性能生物扰动属性表征、丰富海相碳酸盐岩储集层地质学理论、指导该类油气藏远景勘探和储量计算以及选择合理的开发方案等具有重要意义。     

人工值守台数字化地震仪标定原理

推导了人工台数字化地震仪的分段标定公式，提出数字化记录系统的微分近似标定和拾震器阻尼衰减法标定的方法，并提供了不同短周期地震仪与数字化地震仪并行的藕合方式和标定计算公式。     

Effects of terrain smoothing on topographic shielding correction factors for cosmogenic nuclide‐derived estimates of basin‐averaged denudation rates

Estimation of spatially averaged denudation rates from cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in sediments depends on the surface production rates, the scaling methods of cosmic ray intensities, and the correction algorithms for skyline, snow and vegetation shielding used to calculate terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide production. While the calculation of surface nuclide production and application of latitude, altitude and palaeointensity scaling algorithms are subjects of active research, the importance of additional correction for shielding by topographic obstructions, snow and vegetation is the subject of ongoing debate. The derivation of an additional correction factor for skyline shielding for large areas is still problematic. One important issue that has yet to be addressed is the effect of the accuracy and resolution of terrain representation by a digital elevation model (DEM) on topographic shielding correction factors. Topographic metrics scale with the resolution of the elevation data, and terrain smoothing has a potentially large effect on the correction of terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide production rates for skyline shielding. For rough, high‐relief landscapes, the effect of terrain smoothing can easily exceed analytical errors, and should be taken into account. Here we demonstrate the effect of terrain smoothing on topographic shielding correction factors for various topographic settings, and introduce an empirical model for the estimation of topographic shielding factors based on landscape metrics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.     

A study on the focal parameters of Shidian M =5.9 earthquake sequences in 2001

On the basis of about 300 earthquake wave forms observed in the Shidian M _S=5.9 sequences on April 12, 2001 recorded in Kunming Digital Seismic Network, the spectra of shear wave have been used to estimate the focal parameters of these earthquake sequences. The results show that within the magnitude range of 1.5–5.3, the seismic moments are 10¹⁰–10¹⁶ N·m, the corner frequencies are 0.2–0.8 Hz, radii of the focal rupture are 200–2 500 m and the stress drops are 0.1×10⁵–20×10⁵Pa. Through the statistical analyses of variation of corner frequency f _c and stress drop Δσ with time, it is discovered that the average corner frequency of the foreshock sequences is obviously lower than that of the aftershock sequences. Contrarily, the average stress drops Δσ of the foreshock sequences are clearly higher than that of the aftershocks. It is considered that these variation characteristics of average corner frequency and stress drops before and after the main shock have index significance to the precursory information before a strong earthquake. The higher stress drops for the foreshock sequences show that the higher shear stresses have been stored in the area of main shock. After the main shock, most of the stresses have been released, so the aftershock sequences show a rupture process of lower stresses. Foundation item: Scientific and Technological Key Project of Yunnan Province (2001NG46)     

云南永胜期纳盆地的场地放大

根据2001年云南永胜Ms6．0地震的57个余震的304条数字地震记录,用线性反演法得出了期纳盆地相对于三道河台频率1．5～20Hz的S波场地放大。有实际放大作用的频率在10Hz以下,期纳台、半屏台和黄泥田台的放大峰值在4．5Hz处,糖厂台和龙门村台的放大峰值在7．5Hz处。所有台的峰值都约为三道河台的两倍。用永胜(基岩)区域数字地震台的记录作参考核算,10Hz以下,三道河台的场地放大约为1,其余台约为2,所以三道河台可作为基岩台看待。     

基于普通数码相机的影像匹配技术

论述了将全数字摄影测量应用于计算煤场煤堆体积的基本理论和方法。重点论述了普通数码相机影像匹配方法和数学模型，系统的物理模型在实验室内得以验证和实现。     

关于后数字城市建设时代的项目建设建议

从数字城市建设的特点、特征入手,阐述了几种建设模式、主要建设内容、组织实施,按照公共产品与区域经济有关理论,实证了城乡统筹建设模式对于区域信息化建设的传导与辐射作用,并从区域经济发展、政府职能转变、消费市场培育等角度给出了进一步的对策与建议。     

海底三维建模关键技术

分析了当前海底三维建模流程中的关键技术,为建模人员提供指导。海底三维建模方法分为基于图像内容建模和基于点状地形数据建模。前者模型精确,视觉效果较好,但建模速度较慢,适合于小范围建模;后者建模速度较快,且满足海底大范围三维建模的精度要求。在海底三维建模中,对于小物件,采用基于图像的建模方法,而大范围的海底地形,采用基于点状数据的建模方法。     

一种基于横向或纵向扫描线处理的填洼算法

针对传统PlanchouDarbous算法采用递归执行方式导致处理效率低下等问题,该文提出了一种适合基于CUDA的GPU并行执行的DEM洼地填充算法。此算法采用淹没-排水思路,多次推进式扫描完成排水;在串行执行和并行执行两种方式下,算法处理有所差异,其中串行算法代码更短;串行算法的时间复杂度为O(n),测试结果表明串行执行时快于PlanchonDarboux算法,且在CUDA环境下的并行执行用时不到串行执行用时的一半。算法思路简单,易于编程实现。     

基于正射影像数据的“一村一镇一地图”建设

“一村一镇一地图”是全国城市地理空间框架建设计划的基本内容。通过对基础高清正射影像、数字高程模型、数字线划数据的矫正、叠加,利用Arcmap软件给这些点、线、面数据赋予属性,结合专题信息,选择性地将有社会经济价值的内容呈现到一张图上,为今后村镇地图的制作和应用提供建设性的意见。