浅谈ADS100与ADS80航摄数据制作DOM的区别

随着摄影测量技术的发展,航摄影像的应用越来越广泛。本文针对目前应用较广泛的ADS80、ADS100相机在硬件组成、技术参数、利用像素工厂制作数字正射影像的区别进行了对比与分析,并探讨总结了生产正射影像过程中需要注意的问题,为今后的生产过程提供参考。     

基于GIS的机场噪声预测管理系统

针对我国机场噪声预测工作中存在的问题,根据地理信息系统的固有优势,采用面向对象的编程技术,开发建立基于GIS的机场噪声预测管理系统。按照自下而上的设计思路,将系统分为数据层、业务层和用户层三级结构,并且构建模块化操作,将系统分为GIS操作、噪声预测和信息管理三个模块,通过方便快捷的界面操作,实现了机场噪声预测和影响范围的查询和分析。实验结果表明,该系统能有效提高机场噪声预测和管理工作的效率和质量,为机场规划和航班制定提供及时、准确的决策参考。     

农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证的实践与探索

土地是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础。真实、准确的土地所有权数据是国家进行宏观经济调控的基础和重要依据。本文以广东省韶关市某村为试点,介绍了农村土地承包经营权确权登记的技术路线和工作流程,探讨了权属调查及数据库建设的方法。     

研习新时期地理信息系统中测量数据的管理方式

地理信息系统是把各种信息用地理以及相关的视图相结合,利用计算机及数据库技术对所需的信息进行收集和分析,经过分析和研究处理过的信息具有很高的使用价值,能够为土地利用、城市规划等各种大型工程提供数据参考。本文在简要阐述地理信息系统中测量数据管理问题的基础上,对新时期地理信息系统中测量数据管理的方式和优缺点及无缝空间数据管理的技术原理和优缺点进行了详细研究和分析。     

浅析网格化测量标志巡查信息直报技术

测量标志巡查是加强测量标志管护的重要手段。本文采用网格化理念设计,集成应用网络、智能移动终端、工作流、地图网络化服务等技术提出了一种测量标志巡查信息直报技术,可实现全省测量标志巡查信息的采集、实时在线或事后离线(WIFI等)巡查信息报送、审核、入库、应用等业务的网络化、准实时化、一体化,提高了测量标志巡查工作的科学化和规范化。     

关于地籍工作底图获取方法的探讨

随着社会的发展,现代地籍因其保护土地产权与课税服务的特性越来越被人们重视,成为国土资源管理、城市建设管理的有力依据。本文初步探讨了几种地籍工作底图制作的作业流程、适用工作范围及其优缺点,并简要介绍了新技术在地籍工作底图中的应用。     

基于航测的三维建模方法研究

随着“数字城市”项目在各大城市如火如荼地发展,城市景观重建是数字城市发展的首要步骤和重要内容。本文结合实际生产项目,对基于航测的三维建模方法进行研究。航测法三维建模通过立体采集建筑物平面几何高程数据,并结合测区DEM成果、影像数据等,使用Dibud软件自动生成三维模型,然后,使用3DMAX软件参考外业采集照片精细修模,给模型贴图等。     

Cascades of green: A review of ecosystem-based adaptation in urban areas

Climate change impacts increase pressure on challenges to sustainability and the developmental needs of cities. Conventional, “hard” adaptation measures are often associated with high costs, inflexibility and conflicting interests related to the dense urban fabric, and ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) has emerged as a potentially cost-efficient, comprehensive, and multifunctional approach. This paper reviews and systematises research on urban EbA. We propose an analytical framework that draws on theory from ecosystem services, climate change adaptation and sustainability science. It conceptualises EbA in terms of five linked components: ecological structures, ecological functions, adaptation benefits, valuation, and ecosystem management practices.Our review identified 110 articles, reporting on 112 cities, and analysed them using both quantitative statistical and qualitative content analysis. We found that EbA research in an urban context is fragmented due to different disciplinary approaches and concepts. Most articles focus on heat or flooding, and the most studied ecological structures for reducing the risk of such hazards are green space, wetlands, trees and parks. EbA is usually evaluated in bio-geophysical terms and the use of economic or social valuations are rare. While most articles do not mention specific practices for managing ecological structures, those that do imply that urban EbA strategies are increasingly being integrated into institutional structures. Few articles considered issues of equity or stakeholder participation in EbA.We identified the following challenges for future EbA research. First, while the large amount of data generated by isolated case studies contributes to systems knowledge, there is a lack of systems perspectives that position EbA in relation to the wider socio-economic and bio-geophysical context. Second, normative and ethical aspects of EbA require more thought, such as who are the winners and losers, especially in relation to processes that put people at risk from climate-related hazards. Third, there is room for more forward-looking EbA research, including consideration of future scenarios, experimentation in the creation of new ecological structures and the role of EbA in transformative adaptation.     

M-Quadtree索引:一种基于改进四叉树编码方法的云存储环境下空间索引方法

为了解决基于"键-值"模型的云存储环境仅支持简单的关键字查询,不支持多维空间查询的问题,提出了一种新的分布式空间索引方法——M-Quadtree索引。在索引构建过程中,设计了一种基于改进四叉树的空间数据划分方法,该方法规定了叶节点区域的最小数据量,通过四叉树叶节点的再合并,解决了划分后各子区域间存储量不平衡的问题,并且满足了MapReduce并行化要求。给出了MapReduce框架下M-Quadtree索引的快速构建、查询与更新算法,并在搭建的Hadoop平台进行了关键参数对索引效率的影响以及不同规模数据下索引的创建、查询和更新试验。与现有分布式空间索引的对比试验及分析结果表明,M-Quadtree索引在数据存储量负载均衡、算法并行化和空间查询效率等方面表现得更好。     

Application of topo-edaphic factors and remotely sensed vegetation indices to enhance biomass estimation in a heterogeneous landscape in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania

Estimating tropical biomass is critical for establishment of conservation inventories and landscape monitoring. However, monitoring biomass in a complex and dynamic environment using traditional methods is challenging. Recently, biomass estimates based on remotely sensed data and ecological variables have shown great potential. The present study explored the utility of remotely sensed data and topo-edaphic factors to improve biomass estimation in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. Twenty-nine vegetation indices were calculated from RapidEye data, while topo-edaphic factors were taken from field measurements. Results showed that using topo-edaphic variables or vegetation indices, biomass could be predicted with an R² of 0.4. A combination of topo-edaphic variables and vegetation indices improved the prediction accuracy to an R² of 0.6. Results further showed a decrease in biomass estimates from 1162 ton ha^?1 in 1980 to 285.38 ton ha^?1 in 2012. This study demonstrates the value of combining remotely sensed data with topo-edaphic variables in biomass estimation.