基于SOA的数字城市公共平台设计与实现

针对城市信息化建设中存在的建设周期长、开发成本高、运行维护困难等问题,本文从软件架构、系统功能、服务性能等方面进行研究,设计并开发基于SOA的数字城市公共平台。平台采用松散耦合的WebSer-vices、Ajax等技术,结合数据资源控制访问、平台架构分离等策略,实现对多源异构空间数据的分布式集中管理和授权共享,封装形成统一的服务接口及应用框架,辅助业务系统的快速搭建与无缝集成;并在二维GIS基础上扩展添加三维GIS服务。     

基于ICESat/GLAS数据的中国典型区域SRTM与ASTER GDEM高程精度评价

航天飞机雷达地形测绘(shuttle radar topography mission, SRTM)和先进星载热发射和反射辐射成像仪全球数字高程模型(advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer global digital elevation model, ASTER GDEM)提供了全球覆盖面积最广的数字高程模型(digital elevation model, DEM)数据, 但其高程精度还未得到充分验证, 传统地面测量方法很难适用于验证大面积范围的DEM精度.以冰、云和陆地高程卫星/地学激光测高系统(ICESat/GLAS)高程数据为参考, 综合利用地理信息系统(geographic information system, GIS)空间分析、三维可视化与统计分析方法, 对中国典型低海拔沿海平原地区和高海拔山地的两种DEM数据高程精度进行了对比分析.结果表明, 高程值小于20m的低海拔地区, SRTM高程精度达到2.39m, ASTER GDEM的精度达到4.83m, 均远远高于这两种数据的标称精度; 而在西南山地, 这两种DEM的精度大约为20m, 与标称精度相当.最后, 建立了ICESat/GLAS与SRTM和ASTER GDEM的一元线性回归模型, 该模型具有较高的拟合度和显著线性关系, 可用于改善这两种DEM的高程精度.      

红层软岩微观结构与抗剪强度关系实验分析

红层软岩属于滑坡、崩塌灾害的易发地层,岩石的微观结构特性对其宏观力学强度有着重要影响。对四川省屏山县和云南省绥江县采集的侏罗系红层砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩样品进行了扫描电镜观察及变角模抗剪强度实验。基于MATLAB数字图像处理技术,提取了红层砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩的微观结构参量,即孔隙率、颗粒磨圆度、颗粒定向度及欧拉数的量化值,进一步分析了上述各参量和抗剪强度的定量关系。研究结果表明：红层软岩的抗剪强度和孔隙率呈负指数关系,和颗粒磨圆度、定向度呈负相关线性关系,和欧拉数呈正相关线性关系。     

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天气尺度扰动流场对区域暴雨的指示能力

观测的大气流场可以物理分解为气候流场、行星尺度纬圈平均扰动流场和天气尺度扰动流场.低层大气的天气尺度扰动流场中的切变线、南方气旋、北方气旋、冷锋槽线、西南涡暖切变线、热带气旋、倒槽切变线、东风波切变线等对区域暴雨具有指示意义.扰动流场中的环流系统更适合天气分析的原理.中国的暴雨带多为扰动辐合线两侧气流对峙的结果.观测流场中,暴雨带出现在低空急流的左侧,是因为气候流场掩盖或削弱了天气尺度扰动流场的作用.对切变线暴雨,天气尺度扰动流场有99%的诊断能力,而原始流场只有66%的指示能力.     

Efficient risk assessment of lifeline networks under spatially correlated ground motions using selective recursive decomposition algorithm

For effective hazard mitigation planning and prompt-but-prudent post-disaster responses, it is essential to evaluate the reliability of infrastructure networks accurately and efficiently. A nonsimulation-based algorithm, termed as a recursive decomposition algorithm (RDA), was recently proposed to identify disjoint cut sets and link sets and to compute the network reliability. This paper introduces a ‘selective’ RDA, which preferentially identifies critical disjoint cut sets and link sets to calculate the probabilities of network disconnection events with a significantly reduced number of identified sets. To this end, the original RDA is improved by replacing the shortest path algorithm with an algorithm that identifies the most reliable path, and by using a graph decomposition scheme based on the probabilities associated with the subgraphs. The critical sets identified by the algorithm are also used to compute conditional probability-based importance measures that quantify the relative importance of network components by their contributions to network disconnection events. This paper also introduces a risk assessment framework for lifeline networks based on the use of the selective RDA, which can consider both interevent and intraevent uncertainties of spatially correlated ground motions. The risk assessment framework and the selective RDA are demonstrated by a hypothetical network example, and the gas and water transmission networks of Shelby County in Tennessee, USA. The examples show that the proposed framework and the selective RDA greatly improve efficiency of risk assessment of complex lifeline networks, which are characterized by a large number of components, complex network topology, and statistical dependence between component failures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of remotely‐sensed DEMs and modification based on plausibility rules and initial sediment budgets of an artificially‐created catchment

To quantify landscape change resulting from processes of erosion and deposition and to establish spatially distributed sediment budgets, ‘models of change’ can be established from a time series of digital elevation models (DEMs). However, resolution effects and measurement errors in DEMs may propagate to these models. This study aimed to evaluate and to modify remotely‐sensed DEMs for an improved quantification of initial sediment mass changes in an artificially‐created catchment. DEMs were constructed from photogrammetry‐based, airborne (ALS) and ground‐based laser scanning (TLS) data. Regions of differing morphological characteristics and vegetation cover were delineated. Three‐dimensional (3D) models of volume change were established and mass change was derived from these models. DEMs were modified region‐by‐region for rill, interrill and alluvial areas, based on logical and hydro‐geomorphological principles. Additional DEMs were constructed by combining multi‐source, modified data. Models were evaluated by comparison with d‐GPS reference data and by considering sediment budget plausibility. Comprehensive evaluation showed that DEM usability depends on a relation between the technique used to obtain elevation data, surface morphology and vegetation cover characteristics. Photogrammetry‐based DEMs were suited to quantification of change in interrill areas but strongly underestimated surface lowering in erosion rills. TLS DEMs were best suited to rill areas, while ALS DEMs performed best in vegetation‐covered alluvial areas. Agreement with reference data and budget plausibility were improved by modifications to photogrammetry‐ and TLS‐based DEMs. Results suggest that artefacts in DEMs can be reduced and hydro‐geomorphic surface structures can be better represented by applying region‐specific modifications. Photogrammetry‐based DEMs can be improved by combining higher and lower resolution data in defined structural units and applying modifications based on principles given by characteristic hydro‐geomorphic evolution. Results of the critical comparative evaluation of remotely‐sensed elevation data can help to better interpret DEM‐based quantifications of earth‐surface processes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2007年宁洱6.4级地震序列精定位

Five mobile digital seismic stations were set up by the Earthquake Administration of Yunnan Province near the epicenter of the main shock after the Ning’er M6.4 earthquake on June 3, 2007. In this paper, the aftershock sequence of the Ning’er M6.4 earthquake is relocated by using the double difference earthquake location method. The data is from the 5 mobile digital seismic stations and the permanent Simao seismic station. The results show that the length of the aftershock sequence is 40km and the width is 30km, concentrated obviously at the lateral displacement area between the Pu’er fault and the NNE-trending faults, with the majority occurring on the Pu’er fault around the main shock. The depths of aftershocks are from 2km to 12km, and the predominant distribution is in the depth of 8～10km. The mean depth is 7.9km. The seismic fault dips to the northwest revealed from the profile parallel to this aftershock sequence, which is identical to the dip of the secondary fault of the NE-trending Menglian-Mojiang fault in the earthquake area. There are more earthquakes concentrated in the northwest segment than in the southeast segment, which is perhaps related to the underground medium and faults. The depth profile of the earthquake sequence shows that the relocated earthquakes are mainly located near the Pu’er fault and the seismic faults dip to the southwest, consistent with the dip of the west branch of the Pu’er fault. In all, the fault strike revealed by earthquake relocations matches well with the strike in the focal mechanism solutions. The main shock is in the top of the aftershock sequence and the aftershocks are symmetrically distributed, showing that faulting was complete in both the NE and SW directions.     

钢筋混凝土剪力墙非线性单元模型的研究

本文首先对等效框架模型、多竖直杆单元模型作了改进.然后应用改进等效框架模型、改进多竖直杆单元模型及分层壳单元模型,对不同轴压比的三片剪力墙构件模型与一个14层筒中筒结构模型进行了计算分析,并与实验结果作了比较.结果表明:改进多竖直杆单元模型在所有情况下均可取得较好结果,是适用性较强的剪力墙非线性单元模型;多层壳单元模型...     

多极距地电阻率观测系统的分布式电极控制器研制

详述数字电极的系统构成、电路结构、通信协议和其他关键技术。该系统的通信网络结构基于RS-485现场总线,通过环境测试和台站试验,发现数字电极技术适用于多极距电阻率系统。