Shape格式海图数据向S-57格式的转换

介绍了国际海道测量组织数字海道测量数据传输标准(IHO-57)数据生产的国内外现状,通过对S-57数据模型和数据结构的深入研究和大量实验,实现了S-57数据的解译与生成,完成了Shape数据与S-57的格式转换。     

我国数字领海建设问题的几点思考

阐述了我国“数字领海(含专属经济区)”建设的重要性与迫切性;介绍了“数字领海”系统的功能、基本特征、技术支撑体系、信息采集方法、信息管理方法及信息更新方法;指出了“数字领海”系统建设中应注意的若干问题。     

Detecting significant sediment motion in a laboratory flume using digital video image analysis

A video analysis method for monitoring sediment transport and sorting processes in a laboratory flume is presented. Video taken through the glass side‐wall of a laboratory flume is captured using a digital CCD (charge‐coupled device) camera and significant movements between individual frames are detected using image analysis. This method involves direct subtraction of the brightness numbers of pixels in sequential video frames, followed by thresholding to produce binarized images of significant change, above the inherent level of system noise. Experimental results showing dilation of a gravel framework and rapid infiltration of fines just prior to entrainment are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modified state–space procedures for pseudodynamic testing

The existing on‐line numerical integration algorithms are derived from the Newmark method, which is based on an approximation of derivatives in the differential equation. The state–space procedure (SSP), based on an interpolation of the discrete excitation signals for piecewise convolution integral, has been confirmed as more reliable than the Newmark method in terms of numerical accuracy and stability. In an attempt to enhance the pseudodynamic test, this study presents an on‐line integration algorithm (referred to as the OS–SSP method) via an integration of the state–space procedure with Nakashima's operator‐splitting concept. Numerical stability and accuracy assessment of the proposed algorithm in addition to the explicit Newmark method and the OS method were investigated via an eigenvalue, frequency‐domain and time‐domain analysis. Of the on‐line integration algorithms investigated, the OS–SSP method is demonstrated as the most accurate method with an acceptable stability (although not unconditionally stable) characteristic. Therefore, the OS–SSP method is the most desirable method for pseudodynamic testing if the numerical stability criterion (Δt/T⩽0.5) is ensured for every vibration mode involved. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

卫星通信在地震烈度速报数据传输中的应用

在分析地震烈度速报数据传输特点后,提出将卫星通信引入烈度速报系统。通过对目前中国使用较多的北斗卫星、海事卫星、铱卫星系统和VSAT卫星系统进行对比,选取铱星短消息和海事卫星数据流这两种典型通讯方式,设计由通用数字强震仪与卫星通信系统结合地震速报通讯模块组成的实验系统,实现数字强震动记录信息通过卫星信道进行的数据传输,展现卫星通信在地震烈度速报数据传输中的应用前景。     

地幔上涌对鄂尔多斯西缘岩石圈的改造:来自远震多尺度层析成像的证据

本文利用喜马拉雅二期科学探测台阵的678个地震台站及26个固定台站记录到的9,641个地震共约160000条远震P波走时数据,采用基于稀疏约束的多尺度层析成像方法,获得了鄂尔多斯西缘及邻区上地幔800 km深度范围内P波速度结构.结果显示,在东经104°附近阿拉善地块与鄂尔多斯盆地间存在岩石圈深度的构造边界,这表明阿拉善地块与鄂尔多斯可能分别从属于不同的大地构造单元.以北纬38°线为界,鄂尔多斯地块西缘在岩石圈范围内南北存在明显的速度差异,鄂尔多斯南部上地幔200~300 km深度范围显示为高速异常,而鄂尔多斯北部上地幔显示大面积的低速异常.这一现象表明,鄂尔多斯地块南北两部分经历了不同的构造演化过程.根据本文的结果可以进一步推断,由于青藏高原、阿拉善地块向东北方向推挤以及岩石圈的拆离引起的上地幔扰动导致了地幔上涌,上涌的热物质改造了鄂尔多斯西北缘地区的岩石圈,并使该区的岩石圈减薄.地幔上涌也可能是东经104°边界带和北纬38°构造带形成的深部动力学因素.     

Application of Structure‐from‐Motion photogrammetry to river restoration

Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) photogrammetry is now used widely to study a range of earth surface processes and landforms, and is fast becoming a core tool in fluvial geomorphology. SfM photogrammetry allows extraction of topographic information and orthophotos from aerial imagery. However, one field where it is not yet widely used is that of river restoration. The characterisation of physical habitat conditions pre‐ and post‐restoration is critical for assessing project success, and SfM can be used easily and effectively for this purpose. In this paper we outline a workflow model for the application of SfM photogrammetry to collect topographic data, develop surface models and assess geomorphic change resulting from river restoration actions. We illustrate the application of the model to a river restoration project in the NW of England, to show how SfM techniques have been used to assess whether the project is achieving its geomorphic objectives. We outline the details of each stage of the workflow, which extend from preliminary decision‐making related to the establishment of a ground control network, through fish‐eye lens camera testing and calibration, to final image analysis for the creation of facies maps, the extraction of point clouds, and the development of digital elevation models (DEMs) and channel roughness maps. The workflow enabled us to confidently identify geomorphic changes occurring in the river channel over time, as well as assess spatial variation in erosion and aggradation. Critical to the assessment of change was the high number of ground control points and the application of a minimum level of detection threshold used to assess uncertainties in the topographic models. We suggest that these two things are especially important for river restoration applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地理信息系统研究新范式

随着大数据时代的到来,地理信息系统（GIS）的时空范畴、信息内容和应用场景都得到了前所未有的扩展,地理信息系统需要由例外处理的被动适应方式,转变为内核支持的主动扩展方式,将地理信息系统扩展为新一代时空信息系统。本文在分析地理信息系统本质是以地图数据模型为核心的信息系统的基础上,从研究对象、基本原理和技术方法3个方面总结梳理了地理信息系统研究范式,并分析阐述了时空信息扩展对地理信息系统研究范式的新要求。其次,在分析全空间信息系统（PSIS）认知模型与多粒度时空对象数据模型的基础上,归纳出全空间信息系统基于时空实体的理论与技术路线,并总结其在多个领域的实践与应用。然后,系统分析了全空间信息系统对地理信息系统研究对象、基本原理和技术方法的具体扩展方式,提出全空间信息系统研究范式。最后,总结梳理了全空间信息系统研究范式的基本内容,并与地理信息系统研究范式进行了核心内容的分析对比,展望了地理信息系统研究范式进阶将带来的影响和变化。     

山西数字测震台站SDH专线与3G信道互备方案设计

针对数字测震台站地震观测资料时效性、真实性和准确性的特殊需求,确保山西省测震台站通信传输信道畅通,提出了利用3G网络实现以SDH光纤传输为主、无线3G为辅的双链路备份传输方案。重点介绍该传输方案的原理和实施方法,进行3G路由器并网接入及省台网中心LNS服务器增加PPTP服务的设计与实验。结果表明,基于3G无线VPDN网络可以实现省内SDH专线通信传输信道备份。     

临汾地震台垂直摆倾斜观测资料阶变异常分析

对临汾地震台垂直摆倾斜观测资料中记录到的阶变型异常图像进行分析,对异常成因进行探讨,希望对观测数据异常判断、数据预处理及地震预测预报的应用研究,提供一定参考。