Evaluation of intermediate TanDEM-X digital elevation data products over Tasmania using other digital elevation models and accurate heights from the Australian National Gravity Database

The successful operation of the TanDEM-X satellite mission is the start of a new era of globally consistent and accurate digital elevation data for planet Earth. In this work available 12 m-resolution intermediate TanDEM-X products (DEM: digital elevation model; HEM: height error map; COV: coverage map; WAM: water indication mask) are evaluated over Tasmania. Elevations from the TanDEM-X intermediate digital elevation model (IDEM) are compared with (a) other global DEMs (30 m-resolution SRTM1 USGS v3 and 30 m-resolution Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflectometer (ASTER GDEM2), (b) the local 25 m-resolution DEM made available by Tasmanian environmental authority (DPIPWE), and (c) over 15 000 accurate ground-control-points (GCPs) from the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD). The comparison with ASTER and SRTM over the area of Tasmania involves over 500 million valid TanDEM-X IDEM elevations. The root-mean-square (RMS) of 8.8 m indicates a reasonable to good agreement of TanDEM-X IDEM and SRTM, while ASTER shows almost twice the disagreement in terms of RMS (～16.5 m). Both, ASTER and SRTM show a (mean) offset of –1.9 m and –2.3 m w.r.t. TanDEM-X IDEM, respectively. By comparisons with GCPs, we find that SRTM and ASTER overestimate the terrain height. The comparison with the AGND GCPs also allows an estimate of the absolute accuracy of the IDEM, which is found to be superior to that of SRTM or ASTER. The RMS error of 6.6 m shows that the IDEM is close to the officially denoted 4 m absolute vertical accuracy considering that the GCPs are not error free. The height error map information layer is found to a suitable first indicator of the (local) accuracy of the IDEM in a relative sense. However, we find that the HEM tends to underestimate observed differences to the GCPs. Terrain-type analyses reveal that the TanDEM-X IDEM is a very consistent elevation database over Tasmania. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the new TanDEM-X elevation data sets provide improved high-resolution terrain information over Tasmania and beyond.     

ENC不一致性问题分类及其对策

ENC作为一种独特的地理空间信息产品,广泛应用于ECDIS(电子海图显示与信息系统)。由于多方面原因,海员在ECDIS使用过程中可发现ENC中存在一些不一致性现象,不仅影响了ENC的数据质量和可信度,而且容易使海员对海上地理要素产生混淆和误判,最终影响船舶海上航行安全。由于海图编绘资料的多源性以及以单幅数据进行生产的作业模式,数据生产者在数据质量评价时都将关注点放在单幅数据的检校,却忽视了数据之间的不一致问题。为此,对各类不一致问题进行梳理分类,按照出现位置不同,将不一致问题分为"ENC内部不一致性"、"邻接ENC之间不一致性"和"重叠ENC之间不一致性"等3大类,分别进行了原因分析和示例说明,最后给出了解决ENC不一致性的途径,为ENC不一致问题的进一步研究指明了方向。     

浅谈全数字摄影测量在生产中的应用

全数字摄影测量技术经过20多年的发展,已进入实用化阶段,目前我国有相当一部分测绘单位陆续引进了全数字摄影测量系统,并逐步形成生产能力。由于正式生产开展时间较短,国家有关的技术标准和规范尚未出台,因此对于使用者来说,许多问题仍处在摸索阶段。本文通过总结生产经验,对有关问题提出建议。     

基于ERDAS IMAGINE的三维地形可视化

三维可视化可以用来描述复杂的地形情况,实现对某种地学机理的深入认识,发现常规方法所不能揭示的地形规律和特征。本文在阐述三维可视化优越性的基础上,利用ERDAS IMAGINE软件对南京地区进行三维模拟和分析,为今后从整体上研究该区域提供依据。     

测绘产品三维可视化系统的研发与应用

根据测绘产品的现状和实际迫切需求,结合多年的案例经验,对测绘产品的三维可视化系统所需的硬件和软件系统进行了研究和开发。详细分析了系统的技术和市场。笔者经过多年的开发和实施了多个成功案例,实践证明测绘产品的三维可视化系统得到了用户和市场的认可,产生了客观的经济效益。     

基于IGG3的数字工业摄影测量抗差光束法平差

数字工业摄影测量中,相机拍摄的不同相片得到的像点坐标被视为等精度观测值,其权值被定为单位权进行平差计算。自检校光束法平差能够有效的补偿系统误差,但测量过程中仍然不可避免地存在粗差和随机误差。为了进一步提高数字工业摄影测量平差计算结果的精度,结合抗差估计具有"充分利用有效信息,限制利用有用信息,排除有害信息"的特点,对自检校光束法平差方法进行改进,提出了一种基于IGG3的抗差光束法平差方法;并进行公共点转换实验和重复测量实验来评价其外符合精度和内符合精度。实验结果表明改进后的方法比原方法计算所得的结果精度更高。     

琼海加积井水位模拟观测与数字观测资料对比分析

通过对琼海加积井数字水位与模拟水位的观测资料进行对比分析,发现其动态变化特征一致,与固体潮的相关系数也基本一致,数据的相关性及内在质量良好,映震能力相当。数字观测具有数据信息量大,传输速度快,人为误差小的优点,可以取代模拟水位观测。     

GIS专业基于面向对象程序设计的DEM生成教学实验设计

数字高程模型是地理信息科学专业的必修课,DEM生成方法是该课程的核心知识点之一。通常以GIS软件为实验操作平台构建DEM,GIS软件提供良好的操作界面且简化教学过程,但软件同时会弱化学生对DEM生成过程的理解,而面向对象程序设计课程往往开设在数字高程模型课程之前。文中融合面向对象程序设计和数字高程模型课程知识点,采用面向对象程序设计思想对DEM课程中的DEM生成实验进行设计并实现,为GIS专业的DEM生成实验提供新的教学思路,提升DEM课程教学实践的品质和效果。     

数字水准仪与光学水准仪的测量精度比较

几何水准测量对整个国家范围内的高精度水准网的布设来说,其精度高但其效率低,为了提高精密水准测量的作业效率,本文在河南理工大学校园内设计了一个闭合水准路线进行实地水准测量,通过计算对二者的测量精度进行比较,根据它们达到的精度指标来比较各自的优劣,进而在以后的实际工作中可以根据实际需要来选择合适的仪器来进行测量。     

Effect of causal and acausal filters on elastic and inelastic response spectra

With increasing interest in displacement spectra and long‐period motions, it is important to check the sensitivity of both elastic and inelastic response spectra to the filtering that is often necessary to remove long period artifacts, even from many modern digital recordings. Using two records of very different character from the M=7.1, 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, we find that the response spectra can be sensitive to the corner periods used in causal filtering, even for oscillator periods much less than the filter corner periods. The effect is most pronounced for inelastic response spectra, where the ratio of response spectra computed from accelerations filtered at 25 and 200 sec can be close to a factor of 2 for oscillator periods less than 5 sec. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd.