海洋透光率仪的设计及其在初级生产力研究中的应用

海洋浮游植物光合作用固碳在全球碳循环中扮演着极为重要的角色, 获取不同光衰减对应的海水深度, 对于采集水样用于海洋初级生产力的研究具有重要意义。本研究于国际上首次开发了无缆便携式海洋透光率仪, 特殊的光学结构设计和光谱滤光技术使得光谱响应在波段400~700nm范围内超过了同类海洋传感器, 特定光衰减下对应的深度误差小于0.5m。将本设备应用于南海中尺度涡旋初级生产力的研究中, 在采样率和自动化方面验证了仪器的便携性; 通过对涡旋中初级生产力的空间分布规律进行分析, 检验了仪器数据结果的可靠性。海洋透光率仪在价格、准确性、可靠度和操作的便携性上具有不可比拟的优势, 将在未来海洋生态环境的研究中发挥重要作用。     

规则波在缓坡上变形与破碎数值分析

通过在二维数值水槽内用边界元法直接求解Laplace方程,对规则波在缓坡上的变形及破碎进行了数值计算。分析了不同底坡及采用不同底摩阻系数时规则波的破碎特征,并对规则波破碎的极限坡度进行了研究。重点分析了规则波破碎时海底坡度、底摩阻系数及波形不对称性对破碎指标的影响。     

A study of design spectra based on attenuation relationship of ground motion

In recent years, more and more studies are focused on the performance in seismic design instead of the strength of structures. People have realized that the structure deformation (displacement) can describe the damage more properly and directly than the strength (force). The displacement design spectra need to be constructed within more wide range of the period and the damping for the displacement-based seismic design.     

马氏珠母贝生长性状的相关分析

对马氏珠母贝(Pinctadamartensi)不同生长时期的壳长、壳高、壳宽和活体质量进行了一年多的跟踪测量。分析表明,在不同生长时期,其4个性状的两两间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),但其相关系数大小排列顺序存在差异,8次测量的平均相关系数大小依次为壳高-壳长>壳宽-体质量>壳高-体质量>壳长-体质量>壳长-壳宽>壳高-壳宽。在不同生长时期,活体质量对壳高、壳宽的偏回归系数均极显著(P<0.01),而对壳长的偏回归系数在第1,3,7,15个月时不显著(P>0.05)。该研究的结果可为珍珠贝的选育种的重要目标性状的确定提供理论指导。     

双向直驱式潮流能发电轮机性能实验研究

针对潮流能双向来流的特点及当前潮流能发电轮机的研究现状和存在的问题,提出了一种新型的双向直驱式发电轮机。叶片基本翼型为S型,并对其进行受力分析,得到相应的计算公式,结合叶片翼型厚度和形状约束,求解出各个截面的形状,并三维建模形成一种新型"S"翼型轮机。轮机两端安装具有防水性能的永磁发电机,外侧增设双向导流罩,构成双向直驱式发电轮机装置模型。在水槽实验中,首先找出不同的模拟流速下获取功率的最佳负载阻值,在此基础上收集了转速及功率数据,绘制尖速比-获能系数关系曲线图和流速—获能系数关系曲线图,可以论证尖速比的取值对获取最佳功率的重要性,同时该翼型轮机具有良好的空载启动性能及双向吸收来流的能力,2 m/s流速下获能效率最大值接近40%。     

陕西地区地震动衰减关系研究

通过分析陕西省丰富的地震活动资料,包括鲜明的地震活动与震害分布的地域性特点以及地震地质环境特点,将陕西省分为三个分区,来进行地震动衰减关系的研究.研究内容主要包括地震烈度衰减关系和基岩地震动衰减关系.选择美国西部作为参考区,三个分区分别作为研究区,采用可逆法进行映射转换计算,得到了三个分区的基岩地震动衰减关系,在转换过...     

采用辐照度基法对FY-1C气象卫星可见近红外通道进行绝对辐射定标

介绍另一种在轨卫星传感器绝对辐射定标——辐照度基法定标,并利用敦煌辐射校正场对FY-1C卫星可见近红外通道进行定标。通常的反射率基法定标,表观反射率计算的一个重要误差来源是对气溶胶散射的近似计算。辐照度基法定标采用实际测量的漫射与总辐射比来代替辐射传输计算的气溶胶散射。利用该方法对FY-1C卫星的5次定标结果表明,大部分日期辐照度基法和反射率基法定标结果非常吻合,肯定了辐照度基法的正确性,但在气溶胶含量较大时,辐照度基法提高定标精度的优点显现出来,能够减少辐射传输模式对气溶胶散射计算带来的误差,提高最终的绝对辐射定标精度。     

Shape optimization of two-dimensional cavitators in supercavitating flows, using NSGA II algorithm

The reduction of energy consumption of high speed submersible bodies is an important challenge in hydrodynamic researches. In this paper, shape optimization of two-dimensional cavitators in supercavitating flows is studied. A two dimensional supercavitation potential flow passes a symmetric two dimensional cavitator, which is placed perpendicular to the flow in a channel of infinite length and immediately a cavity is formed behind the cavitator. This is because of the generation of a gas or vapor cavity between the body and the surrounding liquid due to the change in a high speed flow direction passing the cavitator. Drag force acting on this supercavitating body dictates the thrust requirements for the propulsion system, to maintain a required cavity at the operating speed. Therefore, any reduction in the drag force, by modifying the shape of the cavitator, will lead to decrease this force. This study concentrates on the optimization of two dimensional cavitators in order to decrease drag coefficient for a specified after body length and velocity in a potential flow. To achieve this goal a multi-objective optimization problem is defined to optimize cavitator shapes in supercavitating flow. The so-called NSGA II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) algorithm is used as an optimization method. Design parameters and constraints are obtained according to supercavitating flow characteristics and cavitator modeling and objective functions are generated using Linear Regression Method. The obtained results are compared with other classic optimization methods, like the weighted sum method, for validation.     

Experimental study of extreme shear stress for shallow flow under simulated rainfall

The raindrop impact and overland flow are two major factors causing soil detachment and particle transportation. In this study, the turbulent characteristics of the shallow rain‐impacted water flow were investigated using a 2‐D fibre‐optic laser Doppler velocimetry (FLDV) and an artificial rainfall simulator. The fluctuating turbulent shear stress was computed using digital data processing techniques. The experimental data showed that the Reynolds shear stress follows a probability distribution with heavy tails. The tail probability increases with an increase of rainfall intensity or raindrop diameter, and it decreases with an increase of Reynolds number. A modified empirical equation was derived using both the raindrop diameter and rainfall intensity as independent variables to provide a better prediction of the Darcy‐Weisbach friction coefficient f under rainfall conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental study on pore water pressure dissipation of mucky soil

Pore water pressure has an important influence on mechanical properties of soil. The authors studied the characteristics of pore water pressure dissipating of mucky soil under consolidated-drained condition by using refitted triaxial instrument and analyzed the variation of pore pressure coefficient with consolidation pressure. The results show that the dissipating of pore water pressure behaves in different ways depends on different styles of loading. What is more, the pore water pressure coefficient of mucky soil is less than 1. As the compactness of soil increases and moisture content reduces, the value of B reduces. There is a staggered dissipating in the process of consolidation, in which it is a mutate point when U/P is 80%. It is helpful to establish the pore water pressure model and study the strength-deformation of soil in process of consolidation.