探地雷达地下界面成像

由Maxwell方程,根据雷达波在介质中的高频传播特性,导出雷达波满足的波动方程。由此求出波速扰动量的成像公式,利用小波变换分析下界面的奇异性,从而达到雷达信号地下界面成像的目的。     

探地雷达技术及其应用和发展

作者对近年来探地雷达的技术发展及新的应用研究进行了概括和总结。在详细分析探地雷达方法原理、系统结构的基础上,提出了改进探地雷达系统结构的思路;同时,针对探地雷达工作中的高噪声和地震数据处理技术移植的不适应性,提出了探地雷达地下界面高分辨率成像的新方法。     

地质雷达及其在环境地质中的应用

本文结合近几年联邦德国在环境地质方面的研究工作对地质雷达在环境工程领域中的应用范围及其局限性作了简要总结,文中并介绍了地质雷达技术的方法原理及存在问题。     

High Pressure-Differential Thermal Analysis and Ultrasonic Wave Amplitude Analysis of Ice-Water Equilibrium at 1.5-5.0GPa

Water is the most active component in all geological systems.It has an important effect on the physical properties of minerals and melts.It also plays a key role in the evolution of the Earth.Accurate thermodynamics data on water are currently confined to pressures below 1.0GPa and temperatures below 900℃.Presented in this paper are new data available on the P-T properties of water at pressures up to 5.0GPa,develoged from differential thermal analysis and ultrasonic wave amplitude analysis.It has been found that there may exist another ternary point at 3.0GPa and that ultrasonic wave amplitude change of ice-water transition shows two inflection points above 2.0GPa, consistent with the two peaks of differential thermal curves above 2.0GPa .It may be a new phenomenon which needs further study.     

RAMAC/GPR探地雷达在机场滑行道探测中的应用

采用RAMAC／GPR探地雷达对机场跑道传力杆进行探测试验，取得了令人满意的效果，为机场工程质量检测提供了一种有效手段。     

Curvature analysis of triangulated surfaces in structural geology

This paper addresses the problem of characterizing the shape of a geological surface on the basis of its principal curvatures. The surface is assumed to be modeled as a set of adjacent triangles defined by the location of their vertices and a method is proposed for estimating numerically the principal curvatures at the vertices of the triangles using a local C² interpolant. Also shown is how principal curvatures can be useful for studying the deformation of a geological surface (with application to 3D balanced unfolding), and analyzing the folding or faulting of the interface between two adjacent layers.     

Hypolimnetic density currents traced by sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

The artificial tracer sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) has been used to study the density-driven deep water exchange between two sill-separated basins of Lake Lucerne, Gersauersee and Urnersee. The sources of the density gradients between the two basins are (1) salinity differences between the major inlets due to the different geology of their drainage areas, and (2) temperature differences due to spatial variation of wind forcing. Wind speeds are generally larger in Urnersee, especially in spring during the so-called Föhn events, when winds blow from the south. In contrast, Gersauersee is protected form these winds. In spring 1989, a total of 630 g of SF₆ was released at 80 to 120 m depth in the small Treib Basin located between Urnersee and Gersauersee. During about 100 days the distribution of SF₆ in the lake was determined by gaschromatography. Two models are used to quantify the exchange flow, (1) a one-box mass balance model for SF₆ in the deep part of Treib Basin, and (2) a one-dimensional diffusion/advection model describing the temporal and vertical temperature variation in Urnersee. According to the first model, the flow into the deep hypolimnion of Urnersee, decreases from 21·10⁶ m³·d^?1 at the end of March to about 8·10⁶ m³·d^?1 in late April. The second model yields similar flow rates. The decrease of the flow rate during spring, confirmed by both approaches, is consistent (1) with the decreasing strength of the density gradient above the sill during spring and early summer, and (2) with hydrographic information collected in Lake Lucerne during other years.     

从综合地层学观点论华南浅海相泥盆系—石炭系的分界

生物地层学、事件地层学和层地层学综合研究表明，华南浅海相区与Ｓｉｐｈｏｎｏｄｅｌｌａｐｒａｅｓｕｌｃａｔａ带和Ｓ．ｓｕｌｃａｔａ带之间的界线相当的泥盆系－石炭系的界线不仅高于Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ带楔界，而且还应高于引起Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ绝灭的海退事件层的顶界。     

巷道围岩松动圈的地质雷达探测及应用

在简述地质雷达探测原理的基础上, 分析了巷道围岩松动圈雷达探测的可行性。结合华丰矿巷道围岩松动圈探测实例, 提出了松动圈雷达探测方法、图像分析及探测结果应用。结果表明, 采用地质雷达探测巷道围岩松动圈是可行的, 可以用于指导巷道围岩的锚杆支护设计。     

地球内核快速旋转的发现与全球变化的轨道效应

科里奥利效应是产生内核快速旋转的主要原因。科氏力使上升物质向西漂移，下降物质向东漂移；造成地球外层自转减速，地球内层自转加速。所以，自旋体中的垂直运动可以产生大规模的水平运动——圈层差异旋转。地震波测量结果表明，内核旋转速度每年比地壳地幔快１°。对于一个内核差异旋转的地球，太阳辐射不仅形成地磁场的内外磁尾和地壳与内核的反向振动，而且影响核幔角动量交换和电磁耦合，从而控制了地球内能的释放，形成天文周期与地质旋回的一一对应关系。地球轨道和太阳轨道的全球变化响应，为太阳辐射量变化控制地球内能释放提供了证据