再创找矿佳绩,为我省经济建设立新功——对我省找矿突破的几点看法

分析了福建省铁、铜、铅锌、钼、金、银、锡、非金属、能源等矿产的成矿地质条件、资源背景、找矿潜力、重点成矿区带、部分含矿层、岩浆-构造-成矿作用等,对我省地质找矿突破的方向提出了看法和建议。     

重庆市中梁山地区隐伏塌陷特征及物探勘测的思路

为查明隐伏塌陷区域,分析重庆市中梁山地区岩溶塌陷的特征,发现塌陷主要发生在以岩溶裂隙发育为主的松散粉质黏土区域;地震映像法能方便、快速地查清土层的松散状态,而高密度电阻率法通过正演模拟发现只能探测出2～3倍电极距的异常范围,但能反映出岩溶裂隙发育的漏斗形态,即只要能找出岩溶裂隙的大致位置和浅表松散土层的范围就能圈定隐伏塌陷的区域。对中梁山地区某居民点进行野外勘测,综合以上两种方法圈定隐伏塌陷区域,其推断结果与钻探资料十分吻合,说明这种隐伏岩溶探测思路是可行的。     

Evaluating the influence of mixture composition on the kinetics of salt damage in wall paintings using time lapse video imaging with direct data annotation

This paper presents an examination of the timescale of phase transition behaviour of a series of salts known to cause damage to wall paintings and other cultural property. The rate of deliquescence and crystallisation of single salts (nitromagnesite and halite) under different RH regimes, and the extent to which this was affected when mixed with other salts (niter, nitratite and gypsum), was investigated. The study was conducted using simple conventional techniques (mass measurements over time) and also using an innovative new method: timelapse video imaging with online data annotation. The results demonstrate the synergy gained from combining video imaging with environmental data in reference to time in the study of salt phase changes: where it revealed new information concerning the kinetics of deliquescence and crystallisation. The implications of these results for the implementation of environmental control measures within historic buildings are discussed.

云南昆明寒武纪早期浅水相磷块岩的氧化还原环境及成因机制

磷是重要的营养元素,与古环境和生命演化密切相关。在埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪之交,伴随着骨骼化动物的辐射,华南甚至全球广泛沉积了大量磷酸盐,这暗示磷是古环境的变化与生命演化之间关系的桥梁。然而,目前,磷块岩的沉积环境和形成机制尚不明确。为探究磷酸盐富集的沉积环境和形成机理,本文研究了华南寒武纪早期梅树村剖面磷块岩的磷酸盐聚集形式、黄铁矿形态学和稀土元素。磷块岩主要是由结晶氟磷酸钙、隐晶质氟磷酸钙和铁氧化物组成。稀土配分模式均为"帽型"配分模式,与沉积物中铁-锰还原带之中的稀土配分模式类似,表明稀土元素遭受了早期成岩的影响。磷块岩中没有草莓状黄铁矿和较低的Ce负异常(Ce/Ce~*=0.50～0.82,平均值为0.70),暗示磷块岩沉积于氧化/次氧化的沉积环境。Eu元素未发生异常(Eu/Eu~*=0.92～1.08,平均值为0.98),暗示磷块岩可能未受到热液作用的影响。较高的Y/Ho比值(55.3～74.5,平均值为63.6),与海水Y/Ho比值相似,表明磷块岩来源于海水。鉴于华南寒武纪早期广泛的氧化事件、缺氧分层的海水化学结构和上升流活动,本文认为磷块岩的形成源于氧化背景下较高的磷酸盐浓度和...     

Bacterial contribution to sedimentary organic matter; a comparative study of lipid moieties in bacteria and Recent sediments

A systematic study of the lipid composition of thirteen bacterial species and three Recent sediments (methanogenic sediment, cyanobacterial mat and evaporative gypsum crust) was undertaken in an attempt to recognize bacterial organic matter in sediments. A sequential method, which distinguishes between three different modes of occurrence of lipid moieties (free, OH⁻- and H⁺-labile), was applied. The acid-labile fractions are discussed.The three main groups of bacteria, archaebacteria, gram-positive eubacteria and gram-negative eubacteria, are easily distinguished. Methanogenic and extremely halophilic archaebacteria are characterized by the presence of diphytanyl glyceryl ether and the absence of fatty acids. The gram-positive eubacteria contain primarily iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids whereas the gram-negative bacteria and sediments are dominated by β- and α-hydroxy fatty acids. A wide variety of H⁺-labile hydroxy fatty acids was observed which included several, as yet unknown, structures.β-Hydroxy fatty acids in this H⁺-labile mode of occurrence are exclusively present in bacteria. Their distribution patterns in sediments are considered “fingerprints” of past and present bacterial populations. The specific differences in β -hydroxy fatty acid compositions observed in the different bacteria and the three sediments investigated, suggest that amide-linked β-hydroxy fatty acid patterns are useful as markers of bacterial populations and therefore of environmental conditions.     

乾安县浅层高氟地下水的分布规律及成因的初步探讨

本文主要阐述了乾安县浅层高氟地下水的分布规律;探讨了浅层高氟地下水的成因与构造、地貌、古气候、地层岩性和水文地质条件的关系,从而闸明了广泛分布的湖沼相松散沉积物的组成和水文地质条件是本区浅层高氟地下水的主要原因。     

辽西—赤峰一带太古代变质杂岩中石石榴石的研究

石榴石是研究区内暗色镁铁质岩、麻粒岩及片麻岩的主要造岩矿物之一。成分分 析表明，它们是含钙铝榴石分子较多的镁铝一铁铝系列石榴石，红外光谱测定其近于铁铝榴石; 穆斯堡尔谱分析表明，Fe3+含量增多将引起石榴石内六配位多面体变形程度增大;:是胞参数ao 与Ca2+含量呈正相关。本区石榴石是麻粒岩相变质作用的产物，形成的温压条件为780-840℃. 0.85-1.10 GPa。形成石榴石的反应是复杂的，其中包括角闪石与斜长石的增温脱水反应以及 紫苏辉石+斜长石组合向石榴石+革斜辉石组合转化的滑动反应。     

CO2-rich thermomineral groundwater in the Betic Cordilleras, southeastern Spain: Genesis and tectonic implications

The CO₂-rich thermal groundwater in the Betic Cordilleras in Spain has been studied with regard to the geological and hydrogeological setting, physical and chemical characteristics, and ¹³C-isotope content. The study area is about 60 km northeast of Almería city, in southeastern Spain. The thermomineral waters are plentiful and are related to regional geothermal anomalies. Temperatures of 20 −41°C, high bicarbonate concentrations (183–1824 mg/L), and high amounts of PCO₂ (<1.1 bar) characterize the groundwater. CO₂ spatial variations are related to proximity to the Carboneras, Palomares, and Guadalentín fault systems, which may be the surface representation of the zone of crustal thinning and magmatism. δ ¹³C values probably indicate a deep source for the CO₂, either the mantle or perhaps carbonate rocks in the metamorphic substratum. The high amount of CO₂ in the groundwater causes problems in wells and severely restricts water usage. The hydrothermal features of this area are probably related to neotectonic activity. Received, September 1998/Revised, June 1999, September 1999/Accepted, December 1999     

卵石地层的特殊性及其对基坑支护的影响分析

主要从卵石地层的特征分类、特殊结构及场内施工条件3个方面,对基坑支护结构选型及施工工艺选择进行深入、系统的分析论证,力求使在卵石地层中的基坑支护设计方案更科学、经济,使施工方法、工艺更具可操作性。     

MARINE SOURCE ROCKS AND THEIR DEPOSITIONAL CONDITIONS OF MESOZOIC—CENOZOIC IN THE GAMBA—TINGRE BASIN,SOUTH TIBET:ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL STUDY

MARINE SOURCE ROCKS AND THEIR DEPOSITIONAL CONDITIONS OF MESOZOIC—CENOZOIC IN THE GAMBA—TINGRE BASIN,SOUTH TIBET:ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL STUDY1　FuJiamo ,ShengGuoying ,XuJiayou,et.al.ApplicationofbiologicalmarkersintheassessmentofpaleoenvironmentsofChinesenon marinesediments[J] .OrganicGeochemistry ,1990 ,16 :76 9～ 779. 2　JenkynsHC .Cretaceousanoxicevents:fromcontinentstooceans[J] .JournaloftheGeologicalSociety ,1980 ,137:171～188. …