DBSTC: an effective method for discovering cluster features with different spatiotemporal densities

Spatiotemporal clustering is one of the most advanced research topics in geospatial data mining. It has been challenging to discover cluster features with different spatiotemporal densities in geographic information data set. This paper presents an effective density-based spatiotemporal clustering algorithm (DBSTC). First, we propose a method to measure the degree of similarity of a core point to the geometric center of its spatiotemporal reachable neighborhood, which can effectively solve the isolated noise point misclassification problem that exists in the shared nearest neighbor methods. Second, we propose an ordered reachable time window distribution algorithm to calculate the reachable time window for each spatiotemporal point in the data set to solve the problem of different clusters with different temporal densities. The effectiveness and advantages of the DBSTC algorithm are demonstrated in several simulated data sets. In addition, practical applications to seismic data sets demonstrate the capability of the DBSTC algorithm to uncover clusters of foreshocks and aftershocks and help to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of dynamic spatiotemporal processes in digital earth.     

改进蚁群算法的三维激光点云聚类方法

为了提高点云聚类方法的效率和精度,本文提出了一种蚁群优化投影寻踪算法。试验采用机载LiDAR点云数据,通过构建蚁群算法中信息素系数更新的对数反正切函数模型来减少所需的信息素更新系数的迭代次数,不断优化的投影寻踪方向投影,提高寻找最佳投影方向的连续空间的效率,实现了树木和建筑的分割。试验使用人工方法对比评估树木和建筑物的位置和数量的准确性。     

车载激光扫描数据的结构化道路要素自动提取方法

道路识别是无人驾驶、机器导航等领域的关键问题之一。本文利用局部特征约束方法进行点云的预处理分割,基于多尺度聚类方法实现道路要素的点云提取,并在结构化道路实例的识别中进行应用。结果表明,该方法效果良好,是一种合理有效的道路识别手段。     

黄河流域（济南段）土壤元素地球化学组合特征研究

为查明黄河流域土壤元素地球化学组合特征及重金属元素异常分布区域,采集该流域济南段表层土壤、不同土壤类型样品,以及重金属异常区域水平剖面-垂向剖面土壤样品,测定N、P、Mn、Mo、Zn、As、Cr、Hg、Pb、Ni和V等29项土壤指标,通过元素聚类分析（皮尔逊相关系数法）、因子分析（Bartlett球度检验,KMO检验验证,最大方差旋转）和重金属元素异常区域立体化分析进行评价。研究表明：受人类活动影响较明显的元素有第一簇群元素（Pb、Zn、Cu、Mo、Cr、V、Co）及Hg元素,第一族群元素在街道中心区域各元素含量普遍较高;As、F等元素受人为影响较小,与河流分布有一定的关系。另外,不同土壤类型中各元素丰缺情况有一定差异性。重金属元素异常区分布相对分散,较为集中的两个异常区域是大桥街道东北部和太平街道与孙耿街道交界处。在调查区东西方向上,各重金属峰值分布有明显差异性,纵向剖面元素分布情况各异。黄河流域（济南段）大部分地区元素含量受背景值控制,小部分区域(面积<0.3%)存在轻度的人为重金属污染,整体土壤环境较好,适合发展农业。     

西藏隆子县扎西康铅锌多金属矿床XV号矿体元素分带特征研究

作为特提斯喜马拉雅新生代构造–成矿事件中最为典型的Pb-Zn矿化代表的扎西康铅锌多金属矿床,近年来新发现的XV号矿体,规模仅次于主矿体Ⅴ、Ⅵ号矿体,由于其发现时间晚,所以研究程度低。为了更好剖析该矿体地质特征,通过研究XV号矿体的元素分带特征,结果表明：① 矿体围岩地层对Pb、Ag、Sb元素有着良好的供给能力,但Zn的富集成矿与地层关系不大,铅锌矿化与一套完整的高温—中温—低温元素组合Hg、Ag、Sb、Bi、Pb、Sn、Cd、Cu、Mn及Zn密切相关。② XV号矿体主要由含矿热液携带成矿元素往上运移的过程中不断析出成矿,未见明显的叠加改造痕迹。③ 矿体深部仍然具有一定的成矿潜力。XV号矿体分带模型的建立,是对特提斯喜马拉雅新生代构造–成矿事件的良好响应,能较好代表在该事件下Pb-Zn矿化的普遍特征,同时在深部潜力预测等方面也具有重要的意义。     

Quantitative Method of Classification and Discrimination of a Porous Carbonate Reservoir Integrating K-means Clustering and Bayesian Theory

Reservoir classification is a key link in reservoir evaluation. However, traditional manual means are inefficient,subjective, and classification standards are not uniform. Therefore, taking the Mishrif Formation of the Western Iraq as an example, a new reservoir classification and discrimination method is established by using the K-means clustering method and the Bayesian discrimination method. These methods are applied to non-cored wells to calculate the discrimination accuracy of the reservoir...     

The influence of lateral topographic confinement on fluvial channel‐belt clustering,compensation and connectivity – lower Wasatch Formation and Dakota Sandstone,Utah, USA

Fluvial channel‐belt clustering has recently been documented using quantitative metrics for systems dominated by autogenic controls. It has long been recognized that allogenic forcing (tectonic and eustatic controls) can lead to confinement of fluvial systems, resulting in clustering of channel belts. To date, no study has quantitatively documented the differences in channel‐belt clustering, compensational stacking of channel belts and interchannel‐belt connectivity in unconfined and confined systems. This study quantitatively compares world‐class outcrops of an unconfined fluvial system (Palaeocene lower Wasatch Formation) with outcrops of a confined fluvial system (Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone). Two new methods have been developed to quantitatively document channel‐belt clustering and intrachannel‐belt connectivity. These new methods, and other previously developed methods, are used to document an increase in channel‐belt clustering and intrachannel‐belt connectivity downdip in both systems. Additionally, it was found that channel belts within the unconfined system stack more compensationally than those in the confined system. These new methods and empirical relationships can be used for predicting intrachannel‐belt connectivity, and accurately modelling unconfined and confined fluvial systems in the subsurface.     

基于灰色聚类法和灰色关联分析的大坝安全评价

大坝安全评价是一项复杂的综合评价,针对大坝安全评价中存在信息不完全确定的特点,将灰色系统理论中的灰色聚类法和灰色关联分析法应用到大坝安全评价中。以大坝基础工程部位的安全状况作为评价对象,建立评价指标和评价标准体系。通过实例计算与分析表明,两种方法在安全评价结果方面表现出了良好的一致性,且评价结果与实际情况相符,将两种方法用于大坝安全评价是可行和有效的。     

农作物长势综合监测——以印度为例

提出农作物长势综合监测方法,利用卫星遥感得到的NDVI时间序列数据,综合采用实时监测、过程监测和时间序列聚类监测方法,明确不同方法适用的监测尺度及监测目的,对不同范围农作物长势进行监测。改进了Crop Watch全球农情遥感速报系统运行化作物长势监测方法,克服了原有作物长势监测中实时监测方法无法反映相同区域苗情在整个生长过程中的连续变化情况的缺点。实现对相同区域作物长势连续变化的定量描述,可对作物长势进行更准确的判断。利用官方发布的作物单产变幅数据,对单产变幅较大的12个作物主产省区作物长势监测结果的准确性进行判断,结果表明:6个邦的实时监测和聚类监测方法所得结果一致,都符合作物单产变化的实际状况;4个邦的聚类监测方法所得结果对作物长势监测更为准确,更符合该区域作物单产的实际变化;1个邦实时监测结果对作物长势监测比聚类监测方法更为准确;只有1个邦采用两种方法对作物长势的监测存在误差,聚类监测方法在对农作物生长过程的连续监测及空间分布的定量化表述方面,比实时监测更为准确。3种方法可以综合使用,实现业务化运行的农作物长势监测。