Decumbent development: Urban sprawl in the Guwahati Metropolitan Area,India

Urban sprawl has become a global phenomenon as an outcome of growing population and rapid urbanization. Previous studies have addressed the rising incidence of uncontrollable urban development, particularly in peri-urban areas of cities, leading to chronic urban sprawl. The city of Guwahati, a million city in north east India, has expanded significantly in recent years. In this article, the links between population and growth of built-up areas were examined using geo-spatial techniques and remotely sensed datasets. The results indicate that the sprawl has accentuated in recent years. The intensity of land use remained uneven due to marked variations in the distribution of built-up areas, plausibly an outcome of unplanned urban growth. If current trends are anything to go by, future urban sprawl could pose serious threats to the vulnerable eco-sensitive and peri-urban areas of Guwahati. Secondary cities have unfortunately received scant attention in urban policy research, and Guwahati, epitomizes urban woes in a developing country.     

毛乌素沙地东南缘全新世气候不稳定性

毛乌素沙地处于中国季风区的西北边缘,对气候变化敏感,是古气候演化和古环境变迁研究的理想场所。全新世气温回暖期,气候整体稳定但存在暖湿冷干的次级波动,不同类型沉积相组成的地层序列记录了全新世千年、百年尺度的气候不稳定性。对毛乌素沙地不同沉积序列的研究表明:(1)毛乌素沙地东南缘的沙漠/黄土边界带DLT、NB剖面粒度及Rb/Sr比值可作为气候变化的代用指标。>63 μm砂含量增加,Rb/Sr比值降低,揭示东亚冬季风增强,风成砂堆积,风沙活动加剧,气候干冷;反之,东亚夏季风增强,降水增多,风化成壤程度加大,气候暖湿。(2)毛乌素沙地东南缘沙漠/黄土边界带及低洼沟谷区年代概率密度函数的分析显示,全新世早期~8\^5 ka BP风成砂堆积,风沙活动加剧,气候表现为干冷;全新世中期8\^5 ka~3\^0 ka BP地势较高处古土壤广泛发育,地势低洼处发育湖沼相/泥炭层,但在6.0 ka BP左右存在气候转冷过程;全新世晚期3\^0 ka BP以来气候波动频繁。(3)毛乌素沙地气候变化与北大西洋冰筏冷事件、董哥洞石笋、季风边缘区湖泊、东部沙地等记录具有可对比性和相对一致性,反映出全新世千年和百年尺度上的气候变化主要受全球变化的影响,这对预测和模拟未来气候变化具有借鉴意义。     

基于高分遥感影像的建筑物侧面信息提取及其高度计算

本文选取成都市某一区域建筑物A、B为研究对象,采用分辨率为0.61 m的Quick bird影像,运用图像分割法和LVQ神经网络算法,提取建筑物侧面信息,根据假设法原理,构建高度计算物理模型,求取建筑物高度。对比实测数据,结合可能影响实验结果的实地因素、遥感影像因素进行精度分析与评价,探讨基于高分遥感影像的建筑物侧面信息提取和高度计算的方法。结果表明,LVQ神经网络算法在建筑物侧面提取和高度计算中有更好的应用价值,精度高达94%。     

Density profiles and luminosity functions of the globular clusters M3 and M92

Tautenburg Schmidt plates with the globular clusters M3 and M92 were measured on the APM facility in Cambridge, mainly for astrometric purposes. The data were used to derive the radial density profiles and the luminosity functions of these clusters. There is a good agreement of our results with formerly ones derived by other authors. In both clusters effects of mass segregation are observed.     

Entrepreneurial causation and effectuation logics in a regional context: Assessing the importance of population density

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the article is to assess whether an entrepreneurial causation or effectuation logic is a function of geographical location in densely populated economic regions versus sparsely populated economic regions. A causation logic implies that the entrepreneur primarily focuses on a predefined goal and further aims to identify the means to reach that goal. By contrast, an effectuation logic implies that the entrepreneur to a larger extent focuses on the means at hand, which she or he aims at materialising into one or more goals that are not necessarily predefined. The empirical data for the study are based on an investigation and evaluation of Norwegian entrepreneurs in business incubation that are located in many different economic regions of the country. Multilevel regression analyses showed that geographical location in sparsely populated economic regions is associated with a causation logic, whereas a location in densely populated economic regions is associated with an effectuation logic. An implication of the article is that entrepreneurial stakeholders, such as policymakers, incubator managers, public and private partners, and entrepreneurs themselves should be aware of differences in causation and effectuation logics between entrepreneurs located in densely versus sparsely populated economic regions.     

基于网络时空核密度的交通事故多发点鉴别方法

交通事故多发点是道路交通安全管理的重要治理对象,如何利用空间统计方法对其进行高效鉴别是研究热点。以华东某地为研究区域,以2013~2015年该研究区域的道路交通事故数据为研究对象,以时空道路网络为视角,通过路网匹配和路网裁剪形成事故时空子路段,提出一种基于交通事故场景的网络时空核密度估计值作为鉴别指标,用累计频率法和零膨胀的负二项回归模型确定鉴别阈值的事故多发点鉴别方法。     

Effects of stocking density on the growth and immunity of Atlantic salmon salmo salar reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS)

Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS) may lead to inappropriately high stocking density, because ?sh live in a limited space. Finding the suitable stocking density of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS is very important for RAS industry. In this paper, the in?uence of stocking density on growth and some stress related physiological factors were investigated to evaluate the ef fects of stocking density. The ?sh were reared for 220 days at ?ve densities(A: 24 kg/m^3; B: 21 kg/m^3; C: 15 kg/m^3; D: 9 kg/m^3 and E: 6 kg/m^3). The results show that 30 kg/m^3 might be the maximum density which RAS can af ford in China. The stocking densities under 30 kg/m^3 have no ef fect on mortality of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. However, the speci?c growth rate(SGR), ?nal weight and weight gain in the high density group were signi?cantly lower than the lower density groups and middle density groups. Moreover, feed conversion rate(FCR) had a negative correlation with density. Plasma hormone T_3 and GH showed signi?cant decrease with the increase of the stocking density of the experiment. Furthermore, thyroid hormone(T 3), GH(growth hormone) activities were decreased with stocking density increase. However, plasma cortisol, GOT(glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and GPT(glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activities were increase with stocking density increase. And the stocking density has no ef fects on plasma lysozyme of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. These investigations would also help devise effcient ways to rear adult Atlantic salmon in China and may, in a way, help spread salmon mariculture in China.     

改进分数阶达尔文粒子群的多Renyi熵图像分割算法

针对智能优化图像分割算法易陷入局部最优、分割精度不高等问题,本文融合改进的分数阶达尔文粒子群算法和二维Renyi熵多阈值,提出了一种新的多阈值遥感图像分割算法。算法利用粒子自身进化信息来定义进化因子,结合进化因子并利用高斯图函数调整分数阶次a系数以实现精确计算和快速收敛;根据局部最优概率因子对局部最优位置进行Levy飞行随机扰动以提高算法跳出局部最优的能力;同时将二维Renyi熵单阈值扩展到多阈值分割上,并结合改进的分数阶达尔文粒子群算法,将二维Renyi熵多阈值应用于遥感图像分割中仿真结果表明,与其他2种智能优化分割算法相比,本文分割算法在细节处理和分割精度上均有明显优势,在PRI上至少提升7.27%、VOI至少降低6.5%、GCE至少降低10.4%.     

机载LiDAR点云获取与高精度DEM建设关键技术探讨

结合广东省机载LiDAR点云获取与高精度DEM建设项目,介绍了项目总体技术路线,针对项目难点,从设备选择、点云密度设计、植被覆盖密集山区数据获取方法、点云数据分类组合算法、空白区处理等5个方面的关键技术进行了探讨,并提出解决方案,为同类项目的设计与实施提供参考。     

Analyzing Population Density Disparity in China with GIS-automated Regionalization: The Hu Line Revisited

The famous ’Hu Line’, proposed by Hu Huanyong in 1935, divided China into two regions(southeast and northwest) of comparable area size but drastically different in population. However, the classic Hu Line was derived manually in absence of reliable census data and computational technologies of modern days. It has been subject to criticism of lack of scientific rigor and accuracy. This research uses a GIS-automated regionalization method, termed REDCAP(Regionalization with Dynamically Constrained Agglomerative Clustering and Partitioning), to reconstruct the demarcation line based on the 2010 county-level census data in China. The results show that the logarithmic transformation of population density is a better measure of attributive homogeneity in derived regions than density itself, and produces two regions of nearly identical area size and greater contrast in population. Specifically, the revised Hu Line by Hu Huanyong in 1990 had the southeast region with 94.4% of total population and 42.9% of total land, and our delineation line yields a southeast region with 97.4% population and 50.8% land. Therefore, the population density ratio of the two regions is 27.1 by our line, much higher than the ratio of 22.4 by the Hu Line, and thus outperforms the Hu Line in deriving regions of maximum density contrast with comparable area size. Furthermore, more regions are delineated to further advance our understanding of population distribution disparity in China.