同幅双速跟踪成像CCD相机模拟电路系统设计

讨论了同幅双速跟踪成像技术对CCD相机系统的特殊要求,详细地介绍了该相机前端模拟系统的设计思想、系统结构和主要的电路模块。对系统中一些关键电路模块进行了仿真和测试,并对仿真和测试结果进行比较分析,以检验电路系统设计的合理性。     

低纬高原气候季节变化特征研究——以云南昆明大理为例

依据《气候季节划分》标准,选取我国低纬高原地区2个典型旅游城市——昆明和大理,进行了气候季节平均态,季节开始日期及长度变化,春分、夏至、秋分、冬至节气气温演变分析。（1） 昆明、大理是高原“无夏区”,一年仅有春、秋、冬三季,属“春秋型”城市,春、秋季为295 d和290 d,占全年的80.8%和79.5%。（2） 随着气候变暖,昆明、大理春、秋、冬三季比例发生了改变,春、秋季增加,冬季缩短,昆明变化幅度强于大理。（3） 昆明、大理春季始于2月9日和2月10日,春季长度为117 d和123 d;秋季始于6月7日和6月13日,秋季长度为178 d和167 d;冬季始于12月1日和11月27日,冬季长度为70 d和76 d;昆明、大理“春常在、秋长驻、冬短暂”特征显著。（4） 近60年来,昆明、大理春季开始日呈提早趋势,秋季开始日呈稍推迟趋势,冬季开始日呈推迟趋势;昆明、大理春季长度增加;昆明秋季长度略增加,大理秋季长度略减少;昆明、大理冬季长度减少。（5） 昆明、大理春分节令日气温阀值为14.8 ℃和14.2 ℃,夏至为20.3 ℃和20.5 ℃,秋分为17.4 ℃和17.5 ℃,冬至均为7.9 ℃;与我国东部季风区的北京和上海相比,昆明、大理在春分、夏至、秋分、冬至四个节令上具有“春暖、夏凉、秋爽、冬暖”特征;近60年来,四个节令日气温年际变化呈升高趋势,尤以春分、秋分增暖显著。     

鄂尔多斯盆地韩城区块煤层气老井挖潜技术及应用

综合运用地质、压裂及排采动态等资料研究了韩城区块部分煤层气井低产原因,认为储层物性差、断层影响含气量和含气饱和度、多层开采临近水层被压裂沟通、开发井网不完善、越流补给导致储层不能有效降压、局部构造煤发育使煤层压裂造缝难度大并且排采煤粉堵塞渗流通道是造成煤层气井低产的主要因素。通过技术攻关,形成了跨层压裂、封层堵水、酸化解堵、修井工艺优化、加大排采强度等针对性的老井挖潜技术。通过现场试验表明,系列挖潜技术在韩城区块现场应用效果显著,有效提高了单井产气量,对该区块及其他类似地质条件区块的煤层气开发具有一定指导作用。     

晚中新世柴达木盆地低偏心率时期倾角驱动的干湿变化

当前间冰期正处在地球轨道低偏心率时期,在全球变暖的大趋势下北半球冰盖正逐渐消融。因此,解析北半球无冰背景下低偏心率时期亚洲内陆干湿变化规律和驱动机制,对预测该地区未来环境变化具有重要意义。然而,以前的研究关注亚洲内陆低偏心率时期环境变化的高分辨率记录较少,限制了对该区干湿循环和驱动机制的理解。柴达木盆地位于东亚季风降水边缘,对干湿变化非常敏感。选取柴达木盆地东北部大红沟剖面河湖相沉积地层,利用频率磁化率指标重建晚中新世时期(9~12 Ma)高分辨率干湿变化历史,揭示了典型的低偏心率时期干湿变化主导周期和轨道斜率驱动机制。结果表明,在低偏心率时期(9.2~9.4、 9.6~9.8和11.2~11.4 Ma),该区域干湿变化以4万年周期为主,对应倾角变化,说明在岁差振幅较小时,倾角变化可能上升为轨道调控干旱区干湿变化的主导因素。这一发现对理解未来气候变化具有一定的借鉴意义。     

一次东风波暴雨过程诊断分析

利用常规气象资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,结合自动站加密资料对2009年9月29日20:00至10月1日20:00发生在浙江东部沿海的一次东风波暴雨过程进行了分析.结果发现:0916号台风"凯萨娜"外围环流为此次东风波的形成提供了扰动作用,副热带高压的加强使得低层形成了明显的东南急流,为暴雨或强降水的发生提供了...     

Discussion on research advances and hot issues in diagenesis of clastic-rock reservoirs

The research on diagenesis of clastic-rock reservoir is developing rapidly in recent ten years. Thus, it is of great significance in academic and scientific exploration to summarize the domestic and international research progress and the key issues of frontier research on diagenesis. The research progress, main achievement and recognition in diagenesis of clastic-rock reservoirs in recent years is discussed, and the hot issues or developing trend of diagenesis in the future is probed in this paper, on the basis of summarizing the previous research results and understanding, combined with the typical research examples at home and abroad. It is believed that great progress was obtained in provenance and parent rock constraints on sandstone types and their diagenetic evolution pathways, impact of fluid-rock interaction and its product on diagenesis, influence of thermodynamics and overpressure background on diagenesis and pore development, the timing sequence between hydrocarbon accumulation and filling process and the sandstone reservoir becoming low permeability-densification. At present, diagenetic research is developing in direction of the spatial and temporal dynamics and quantitative evolution mechanistic and diagenetic system controlled by the basin fluid dynamics, thermal dynamic processes, combining the micro-scale diagenesis research with the basin macroscopic background such as sedimentation from the source to the basin, burial history, hydrocarbon maturity and charge into reservoirs, tectonic evolution and fluid activity, and fluid and rock interaction.The aim of this paper is to induce the academic peers and experts in diagenesis and the related research fields to come forward with their valuable contributions, to cooperate and work together and joint efforts on the research exquisite, profundity and breadth of diagenesis, and application of the most advanced analytical measurement techniques and methods, as well as integration and infiltration of multidisciplinary, in order to promote the course of the clastic-rock reservoir diagenetic research in China.     

中国区域总云量和低云量分布变化

据1960—2009年606个气象台站总云量和低云量观测数据分析显示,我国总云量总体处于下降趋势,相对于20世纪60至70年代云覆盖年变化平稳阶段,1980 2009年全国平均总云量下降了0.6%,但长江以南沿海地区和新疆少部分地区总云量一直变化比较平稳。低云变化空间不均性差异较大,以四川盆地为中心区域50年间低云持续减少,从20世纪60年代开始,平均每10年年平均下降幅度达4.0%;长江以南、东北东部和新疆西部至青藏高原北部区域低云却增加了,平均每10年增加4.8%。     

用小波变换方法提取地下流体观测异常信息

首先对小波分析方法作了简单介绍,然后运用该方法,对1992～2002年上海地区9口水氡观测井的资料进行了6阶小波变换,提取的地震异常信息与实际地震有较好的对应关系;对1983年山东荷泽5.9级地震和1998河南清丰4.0级地震前聊古1井的氡观测资料进行了小波分析,发现1～6阶小波系数均出现异常;对1999年山东苍山5.2级地震前枣庄十里泉井的水汞观测资料进行了小波分析,发现1～6阶小波系数也出现异常.因此,运用小波分析方法可以有效地提取地震前兆异常信息.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田白马南特低渗岩性油藏储层地质建模

以鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田白马南长81砂岩油藏为例，应用随机序贯高斯模拟法（SUS）和序贯指示模拟法（SIS）建立研究目标的储层地质模型，进而探讨了在特低渗岩性油藏中相对高渗透储层形成的控制因素。认为长81油藏储层的形成主要受控于沉积作用；成岩作用对改善储层物性及油气的运聚起了重要的作用。砂体的三维模拟结果显示主砂体位于研究区西部，呈西南-东北向展布。储层物性参数的三维模拟也表明优质储层主要分布在主砂体带上长石溶蚀相和绿泥石薄膜胶结成岩相区。     

A meta‐analysis of reef island response to environmental change on the Great Barrier Reef

Reef islands on the Great Barrier Reef are influenced by a range of environmental factors. A meta‐analysis of 103 islands is presented to express variation in island size (area and volume) as a function of latitudinal and cross shelf gradients in regional oceanographic factors (exposure to incident waves, tidal range and tropical cyclone frequency) and local physical factors (position on the shelf, area, length and depth of supporting reef platform, vegetative cover). Models performed well for unvegetated sandcays (R² = 0.89), vegetated sandcays (R² = 0·72) and low wooded islands (R² = 0.78), with a moderate level of variation explained when all islands were simultaneously regressed (R² = 0.58). Future island dynamics were simulated for anticipated changes in cyclone regime, wave activity and sea level. For 38 islands mapped on the 1973 Royal Society and Universities of Queensland Expedition to the Northern Great Barrier Reef, change over the same 22 year period (1973–1995) was determined and the relative magnitude of observed and modelled changes was compared and found to be consistent through rank correlation analysis (Γ = 0.84 for unvegetated sandcays, Γ = 0.81 for vegetated sandcays). Simulations of island area or volume change from 2000 to 2100 indicated that under a 30% decrease in tropical cyclone activity, unvegetated sandcays continue to accrete at a lower rate, whereas all island types erode under a 38% increase in tropical cyclone activity. Vegetated sandcays initially accrete at higher levels of cyclone activity, entering an erosive state with a 60% increase in activity. Low wooded islands are unresponsive to environmental changes modelled. A sensitivity analysis of vegetated and unvegetated sandcays indicated that the presence of vegetation increases the tropical cyclone activity threshold at which islands begin to erode. Greatest sedimentary losses occur within the central band of high cyclone activity between Cooktown and Mackay. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.