浅谈编制湖北省市县城区地图的技术特点

《湖北省市县城区地图》打破了公开版地图惯常只采用出版软件制作的思路,与建库结合起来,使地图数据既能满足公开出版的要求,又能兼顾建库的需要,提供了一个开放性的基础平台,是数字化向信息化、网络化方向发展的产物。     

基于ArcGIS的土地利用现状图的编制

提出了基于ArcGIS的土地利用现状图编制的整体思路,对其中关键技术的实现进行了详细的阐述。     

The mapping methods and division of tectonic units of the regional tectonic map in the eastern China seas and adjacent regions

The geological-geophysical map series of the eastern China seas and adjacent region (1:1 000 000) will be published in the late half year of 2009. The regional tectonic map is one of the main professional maps. The Mapping methods, the division method of geological tectonic units and the main geological tectonic units are mainly discussed. The strata from Pliocene to Holocene are peeled off so as to display the Pre-Pliocene structures. In basins, isopaches are drawn for the Cenozoic deposits. The plate tectonic theory and present tectonic pattern are adopted as the priorities in tectonic division. As to the division of intraplate tectonic units, it is a revision, complement and improvement of previous dividing systems, and the nomenclature for each tectonic unit follows the current system in China. The first-order tectonic unit is plate (Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate). The second-order tectonic unit is tectonic domain (East Asian continental tectonic domain,East Asian continental margin tectonic domain and west Pacific tectonic domain). The Philippine Sea Plate and the west part of the Pacific Plate are called the West Pacific tectonic domain. The part of the Eurasian Plate involved in this study area can be further divided into East Asian continental tectonic domain and East Asian continental margin tectonic domain. The East Asian continental margin domain is composed of the Ryukyu island arc, the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin and the back-arc basin of Sea of Japan. The East Asian continental tectonic domain in this study area is composed of the Sino-Korea Massif, the Changjiang River (Yangtze) Massif and South China Massif. In turn, these massifs consist of basins, folded belts or uplift zones. The basins,the folded belts or the uplift zones are further divided into uplifts and depressions made up of sags and swells.     

Extending self-organizing maps for supervised classification of remotely sensed data

An extended self-organizing map for supervised classification is proposed in this paper. Unlike other traditional SOMs, the model has an input layer, a Kohonen layer, and an output layer. The number of neurons in the input layer depends on the dimensionality of input patterns. The number of neurons in the output layer equals the number of the desired classes. The number of neurons in the Kohonen layer may be a few to several thousands, which depends on the complexity of classification problems and the classification precision. Each training sample is expressed by a pair of vectors ： an input vector and a class codebook vector. When a training sample is input into the model, Kohonen＇s competitive learning rule is applied to selecting the winning neuron from the Kohouen layer and the weight coefficients connecting all the neurons in the input layer with both the winning neuron and its neighbors in the Kohonen layer are modified to be closer to the input vector, and those connecting all the neurons around the winning neuron within a certain diameter in the Kohonen layer with all the neurons in the output layer are adjusted to be closer to the class codebook vector. If the number of training sam- ples is sufficiently large and the learning epochs iterate enough times, the model will be able to serve as a supervised classifier. The model has been tentatively applied to the supervised classification of multispectral remotely sensed data. The author compared the performances of the extended SOM and BPN in remotely sensed data classification. The investigation manifests that the extended SOM is feasible for supervised classification.     

面向汉语的自然语言路径描述方法

自然语言路径描述是运用日常生活中人们习惯的语言方式和思维方式来表达路径信息的。而可视化描述和自然语言描述相结合,可以使电子地图向用户提供图文并茂的路径查询服务。目前,电子地图在移动设备和Internet日益普及,自然语言路径描述成为电子地图大众化和人性化服务的重要标志之一。因此,路径描述中需要重点解决空间关系的自然语言描述问题。自然语言中空间关系描述的语言特征与心理学和认知语言学有着非常密切的关系。本文描述了针对汉语的路径描述词汇库的结构与内容,并根据汉语特点设计了路径描述的单元和复合句法模式,以解决词汇受限和句法模式单一的问题,提出了道路名称、沿途标志性地物和方向判断等路径描述补充信息的获取方法,以增加路径描述的可理解性。并以南京市电子地图为例,开发了电子地图查询原型系统。该系统能够在地图上可视化显示最短路径的同时,自动生成该路径的自然语言描述。     

ASP.NET服务器组件技术在网络地图中的应用

在分析当前现有的网络地图发布技术优缺点的基础上,采用了目前大多数GIS厂商都使用的网络地图发布技术——栅格图像,为了克服该技术存在的交互能力弱的问题,引入ASP.NET服务器组件技术来实现地理空间数据的可视化和Web发布。重点介绍了ASP.NET服务器端组件的设计与实现,提出了基于ASP.NET服务器端组件的网络地图发布技术的体系结构,并提供了其原型系统来验证该技术的可行性与实用性。     

基于栅格叠合的沉积物底质图生成方法

文章提出了一种基于GIS空间插值和栅格图叠合技术,分析生成沉积物底质图的方法,并以曹妃甸海区为例,以170个海底表层沉积物样的粒度分析结果为依据,应用本文设计的方法生成这一海区的底质分布图,并用预留的20个采样点进行了精度分析和检验,在此基础上比较了不同的空间插值方法对生成的底质图结果的影响.结果显示出这一方法成图速度快、自动化程度高,但也存在对原始数据精度要求高、插值方法带来误差等问题.在借鉴传统底质图生成方法的基础上,运用三维TIN模型对成图结果进行改进,最终形成一种结合地貌要素的栅格叠合的沉积物底质图生成方法.     

专题地图制图决策系统规则库的设计

在分析已有的专题地图制图决策支持系统的有关理论的基础上,总结相关制图知识,提出规则库设计的方法并设计部分规则实例,最后对规则库如何映射到关系数据库做了一些探讨,并建立了模型。     

基于PDA的嵌入式移动GIS系统应用研究与开发

PDA作为嵌入式移动GIS的载体,在城市旅游、个人定位和车辆导航等方面存在着巨大的潜力。笔者结合自行研制的煤、水、电抢修PDA嵌入式移动GIS电子地图导航系统,从系统开发平台与开发工具的选择、系统架构与功能、实现的关键技术等方面进行了详细的介绍,重点研究了无线网络模式数据传输的交互技术。     

动态多地图服务负载平衡设计及实现

文章针对在于WebGIS应用中,服务器需要海量生成地图服务时,服务器常处于瘫痪状态的问题,提出建立基于ArcGIS Server的多地图服务对象的管理方案,客户端发出新的地图请求时,需通过多地图服务管理对象检验,由地图服务管理对象控制向ArcGIS Server发出的请求,从而解决服务器经常处于瘫痪的问题。基于此研究,作者设计并实现了B/S模式的以工代赈信息管理系统,在实际应用中取得了较好的效果。