Analysis of a deformable fracture in permeable material

The response of deformable fractures to changes in fluid pressure controls phenomena ranging from the flow of fluids near wells to the propagation of hydraulic fractures. We developed an analysis designed to simulate fluid flows in the vicinity of asperity‐supported fractures at rest, or fully open fractures that might be propagating. Transitions between at‐rest and propagating fractures can also be simulated. This is accomplished by defining contact aperture as the aperture when asperities on a closing fracture first make contact. Locations on a fracture where the aperture is less than the contact aperture are loaded by both fluid pressure and effective stress, whereas locations where the aperture exceeds the contact aperture are loaded only by fluid pressure. Fluid pressure and effective stress on the fracture are determined as functions of time by solving equations of continuity in the fracture and matrix, and by matching the global displacements of the fracture walls to the local deformation of asperities. The resulting analysis is implemented in a numerical code that can simulate well tests or hydraulic fracturing operations. Aperture changes during hydraulic well tests can be measured in the field, and the results predicted using this analysis are similar to field observations. The hydraulic fracturing process can be simulated from the inflation of a pre‐existing crack, to the propagation of a fracture, and the closure of the fracture to rest on asperities or proppant. Two‐dimensional, multi‐phase fluid flow in the matrix is included to provide details that are obscured by simplifications of the leakoff process (Carter‐type assumptions) used in many hydraulic fracture models. Execution times are relatively short, so it is practical to implement this code with parameter estimation algorithms to facilitate interpretation of field data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impacts of Coagulation Pretreatment on MF Filtration and a Comparative Study of Different Membrane Module Types

Changes in the regulatory requirements and the forthcoming Disinfectant/Disinfection By-Products （D/DBP） Rule will require that drinking water treatment facilities be operated to achieve maximum removals of particles and disinfectant tolerant microorganisms as well as natural organic matter （NOM）. For drinking water production, the use of membrane filtration processes such as microfiltration and ultrafiltration （MF/UF） alone to satisfy the turbidity, particle and microorganism removal a requirement of the surface water treatment regulation （SWTR） is not enough. MF/UF treatment processes can achieve only nominal （10 percent） removal of disinfection by-products （DBP） precursors （James, et al., 1995）. On the other hand, too fast fouling can make the filtration processes more difficult to carry on. To solve these problems, many authors have been interested in installing coagulation pretreatment before membrane filtration to improve membrane performance. However, previous studies reported conflicting results. Some supported the effectiveness of coagulation pretreatment, while others contended that coagulation aggravated membrane performance. This research aims to identify the effects of coagulation pretreatment on membrane filtration through a pilot study using PVDF membrane in combination with analyzing the rationale of coagulation. Another objective of this research was to evaluate the different impacts on membrane performance of using different membrane modules （the submerged module and pressured module）. The results showed that coagulation pretreatment greatly improved the membrane performance, extending the filtration time as well as reducing the permeated organic level, and that the submerged module is much more efficient than the pressured module.     

东北黑土区侵蚀沟遥感影像特征提取与识别

东北黑土区是中国重要的粮食生产区,而长期的开垦造成了严重的水土流失现象,坡耕地表面出现大量的侵蚀沟。侵蚀沟的识别是土壤侵蚀监测的重要手段之一,目前遥感技术在侵蚀沟的识别中应用广泛,但自动化程度不高。针对特定地物影像的识别,如何选取最能够有效描述该地物的特征是解决问题的关键。本文构建了耕地和侵蚀沟遥感影像的训练样本集,基于样本集分别提取了由光谱特征和纹理特征组成的浅层特征、SIFT特征经编码后得到的中层特征,以及利用卷积神经网络提取的深层特征;再基于不同层次的特征选用合适的分类器对遥感影像进行分类,识别出含有侵蚀沟的遥感影像,形成了一套针对侵蚀沟的特征提取与识别方法,为东北黑土区的耕地保护提供有力支持。测试结果表明:基于中层特征的识别精度最高,为98.5%,但该特征需要人工设计,自动化程度有限;而利用卷积神经网络可自动提取深层特征,其识别精度达到了95.5%,同时大大提高了自动化程度,满足侵蚀沟影像的识别的需求。     

基于马尔科夫链的北斗行驶记录仪数据存储算法研究

介绍了北斗行驶记录仪的组成和功能,对定时1 s和定时60 s报送或存储进行了对比和优劣分析,根据道路匹配特性,给出了一种基于马尔科夫链的北斗行驶记录仪数据存储算法,将马尔科夫链上的节点（拐点）作为记录仪存储或传输的位置点,通过采集车辆状态信息和定位模块输出信息对“拐点”计算方法进行分析和推导,并通过多次实际跑车测试,测试结果表明：与定时1 s报送或存储相比,节省率可达到90％以上,大大节省了存储空间或者通信费用,具有较好的使用效果。     

基于CC的防火墙安全功能分析

防火墙是网络安全的核心手段。依据基于CC（Common Criteria）制订的国家标准——包过滤防火墙安全技术要求和应用级防火墙安全技术要求，提出每项安全功能要求对应的实际安全措施，并分析当前防火墙未实现的安全功能要求。     

Meixner functions for derivation of the unit hydrograph

The Meixner functions are utilized to relate the effective rainfall, the direct runoff and the unit hydrograph through linkage equations. The linkage equations are then employed to derive the unit hydrograph for given rainfall-runoff data on a small agricultural watershed. These functions are tested with regard to their ability to reproduce and predict the direct runoff hydrograph. The Meixner functions are found to be an effective analytical tool for hydrograph synthesis. Further, they compare well with the least squares and linear programming methods of the unit hydrograph derivation.     

基于FME的DWG数据到ArcGIS转换的应用研究

本文针对工程实践中DWG数据到ArcGIS转换的实际需要,基于转换工具FME,采用FME Workbench构建转换模块对DWG数据转换的方法,研究了利用FME Workbench构建转换模块的关键技术和对转换后GIS数据的检查。通过以阜新腰梅力板的DWG数据为例,实现了对DWG数据到ArcGIS的Geodatabase数据的转换,并对转换后的数据进行检查、整理。结果证明,本文所采用的转换方法良好,节省了工作时间、提高了工作效率。     

ADTD闪电定位探测仪常见故障分析

简述ADTD闪电定位探测仪的安装、调试的注意事项,对其中出现的问题进行总结,提出日常维护维修的要点及注意事项。     

输电线路测量辅助处理软件编制

采用VB 6.0并结合架空输电线路测量内业数据整理的特点,编制了输电线路测量辅助处理软件对测量数据进行编辑处理,生成各种成果表和归档资料,同时提供与架空送电线路软件的数据接口。该软件实现了架空输电线路内业数据处理自动化的,已在架空输电线路工程中得到广泛应用。     

基于双分支卷积神经网络的SAR与多光谱图像融合实验

针对合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)和多光谱(Multi-Spectral,MS)融合图像中存在的空间细节模糊和颜色失真问题,该文兼顾光谱监督和空间细节监督,设计光谱损失函数和空间细节损失函数,提出一种基于双分支卷积神经网络(Convolution Neural Network,CNN)的SAR和MS图像融合算法。该算法网络框架包含光谱保持和细节提升两个分支:光谱保持分支通过上采样MS图像连接到网络的输出,直接将光谱信息传递到融合图像中;细节提升分支对SAR和MS图像通过高通滤波提取高频细节信息,然后应用CNN对细节信息进行特征提取、特征融合及重建,最后将重建的细节信息叠加到上采样的MS图像,得到融合结果。以哨兵-1B GRD级别的SAR图像和Landsat8卫星多光谱图像为实验数据,通过与传统融合算法和深度学习算法RSIFNN进行对比,结果表明,该文算法在定性和定量评价方面效果更好,能够在保持光谱信息的基础上增强多光谱图像的空间细节信息,有利于后续地物分类和目标识别等工作的开展。