Systematic deflection and offset of the Yangtze River drainage system along the strike-slip Ganzi-Yushu-Xianshuihe Fault Zone,Tibetan Plateau

The Ganzi-Yushu-Xianshuihe Fault Zone (GYXFZ) is a typical active strike-slip fault that has triggered many large historic earthquakes, including the 2010 M_w 6.9 Yushu earthquake in the central Tibetan Plateau. This fault zone extends for ca. 800 km from the central Tibetan Plateau to its southeastern margin and varies in trend from WNW-ESE in the northwestern segment of the fault zone to NNW-SSE in the southeastern segment, having the geometry of an arc projecting northeastwards. In this study, we present evidence for the systematical sinistral deflection and/or offset of the Yangtze River and its branch stream channels and valleys along the GYXFZ. Topographic analysis of three-dimensional (3D) perspective images constructed using digital elevation model (DEM) data, 0.5 m-resolution WorldView and GeoEye images, and 15 m-resolution Landsat-Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images, together with analysis of geological structures, reveals the following: (i) the main river channels and valleys of the Yangtze River drainage system show systematic sinistral deflections and/or offsets along the GYXFZ; (ii) various amounts of sinistral offset have accumulated on the tributary stream channels, valleys, and gullies of the Yangtze River along the fault, with a linear relation, D = aL, between the upstream length L from the deflected point and the offset amount D with a certain coefficient a; (iii) the maximum amount of sinistral offset is up to ca. 60 km, which was accumulated in the past 13–5 Ma; and (iv) the long-term average strike-slip rate is ca. 4.6–12 mm/year. Geological and geomorphic evidence, combined with geophysical data, demonstrates that the GYXFZ is currently active as one of the major seismogenic faults in the Tibetan Plateau, dominated by left-lateral strike-slip motion. Our findings supply important evidence for the tectonic evolution of strike-slip faults in the Tibetan Plateau since the Eurasia-India continental collision.     

GPS与TPS在工程测量中的联合使用

结合工程测量实际,就GPS检核或加密TPS导线、隧道GPS控制测量和TPS施工放样这两个方面问题,探讨了GPS和TPS的联合使用方法,所得结论对工程测量实践具有较好的指导意义和参考价值。     

基于手机传感器和互补滤波的行人航向解算

目前行人航迹推算逐渐成为室内定位研究与应用的热点。针对利用陀螺仪推算行人航向时存在较大累积误差的问题,本文提出了一种基于智能手机传感器的行人航向解算算法。该算法根据陀螺仪输出的角速度数据与手机传感器参数计算合适的阈值,实时调节PI调节器的误差补偿系数,对预处理后加速度计和磁力计数据解算的航向角进行补偿,并与陀螺仪数据互补滤波融合,得到融合后的航向角。试验基于低成本智能手机,分别在磁场强弱环境下采集手机传感器数据,对比分析本文算法与传统互补滤波算法及九轴数据融合算法在推算行人航向时的精度。试验结果表明,在室内磁干扰较强的环境下,本文算法与传统互补滤波算法、九轴数据融合算法相比定位精度分别提升了68.4%和65.9%,平均航向误差分别减小了3.4°和1.8°,验证了本文算法有较好的抗磁干扰性能,提高了行人航向角解算的可靠性。     

EGM96与EGM2008地球重力场模型精度比较

给出了由地球重力场模型计算重力异常和垂线偏差的公式,利用36阶、360阶EGM96、EGM2008地球重力场模型计算了国内某地区格网点重力异常和地面垂线偏差,并将其与实测数据进行比较,从而对这两种模型的精度进行了分析和比较。结果表明,在表示国内某地区格网点重力异常时,EGM2008模型精度较高;在表示地面垂线偏差时,两种模型的精度相当。     

联合多种测高数据确定中国边缘海及全球海域的垂线偏差

On the basis of gravity field model （EIGEN_CG01C）, together with multi-altimeter data, the improved deflection of the vertical gridded in 2＇×2＇ in China marginal sea and gridded in 5＇×5＇ in the global sea was determined by using the weighted method of along-track least squares, and the accuracy is better than 1.2^# in China marginal sea. As for the quality of the deflection of the vertical, it meets the challenge for the gravity field of high resolution and accuracy, it shows that, compared with the shipboard gravimetry in the sea, the accuracy of the gravity anomalies computed with the marine deflection of the vertical by inverse Vening-Meinesz formula is 7.75 m.s ^-2.     

水文井钻探施工中几种钻进方法的比较

结合施工过的水井实例，介绍了水文水井钻探施工中常用的钻探工作类型：回转钻进．冲击钻进及冲击回转钻进。其中回转钻进适合于砾石粒度小于80-100mm的地层，冲击钻进要求小于200mm的砾石总量不能超过50％．且地层均匀，而冲击回转钻进适合于含大漂石地层。在钻探施工中应根据具体工程地质条件．选用水井配套设备，并对施工中常见的钻进事故，提出了相应的解决办法。     

岩体裂隙网络渗流变水温影响分析

考虑岩体裂隙渗流变水温影响,推导单裂隙变水温水流近似解析解和有限元解,在此基础上分别建立裂隙二维网络变水温渗流数值求解方程,分别对应裂隙网络变水温渗流分析的近似解析法和子结构法。分析变温水流运动规律发现：（1）单裂隙内水流水头与水力坡降成非线性关系,当水流由高温区向低温区流动时,水头分布曲线为凸曲线,此时按线性渗流简化水头整体偏小;当由低温区向高温区流动时,水头分布曲线为凹曲线,此时按线性渗流简化水头整体偏大。（2）单裂隙内,高水温处水力坡降小,低水温处水力坡降大;裂隙平均水温越高,流速越快;裂隙网络内存在与裂隙宽度相似的温度偏流效应,即交叉节点水流有偏向水流温度高的裂隙流动的趋势。在温度较高和温度梯度较大的区域,应该考虑水流温度变化对渗流场的影响。     

莱州湾海岸带土壤光谱分析与有机质反演研究

利用土壤光谱反射率预测海岸带典型土壤有机质含量。对莱州湾海岸带典型地区97个土壤样本的光谱反射率特性进行分析,把光谱曲线划分为4个区域,提取每个区域的代表性特征参数,与土壤有机质含量进行相关性分析,最终选用458～587.1nm区间的挠度(相关系数达0.87)作为自变量进行模型回归,并利用均方根误差(RMSE)和预测残差(RPD)进行模型检验与评价。结果表明,以458～587.1nm区间的挠度作为自变量建立的对数函数预测模型具有较高的精度和稳定性,经验证计算出其RMSE为0.39,RPD为2.5,该模型应用效果较好。     

叠层板状结构的流致振动与稳定性

在对叠层板状元件的固有振动特性的理论分析中,提出了单梁与多梁对接的力学模型;在研究叠层板状元件湿模态固有频率与振型的理论分析与计算中,采用了以干模态振型函数序列作为试函数对复模态振型方程进行变分求解的方法;在研究叠层板状元件的稳定性时,采用直接法和变分法对其临界流速和失稳挠曲线进行分析和计算,二者的计算结果吻合较好;此外,对结构在非线性支承下的流致振动与稳定性作了初步研究。     

盛行风条件下横向沙丘群丘间走廊中次生气流的研究初报

按照经典风沙物理学理论,横向沙丘下风侧由于气流分离会产生横轴涡旋,然而我们多年来在科尔沁沙地多处开展的沙丘群考察和观测中,经常观察到西北风天气条件下丘间走廊里发育着稳定的南向和西南向气流。为了解这种次生气流的基本特征,我们选择科尔沁沙地西部一片典型横向沙丘群,利用自动气象站进行了风季强风天气的风力观测。结果表明：（1）这种次生气流比较稳定,冬季基本以南风为主,春季以西南风为主;（2）风速会大幅度降低,幅度30%~50%;（3）冬季湍流强度明显小于春季,表明不同季节的局地大气层结状况影响丘间走廊的次生气流;（4）冬季的次生气流主要加深走廊底部,协助沙丘前移,而在春季除了加深走廊外,还促进了走廊的拓宽。