(Re)thinking the dynamics between healthcare and place: therapeutic geographies in treatment and care practices

Although the concept of therapeutic landscapes has assisted health geographers to explore the intimate connections between well-being and place, arguably, after a decade of applications, the common interpretations and assumptions of commentators should be reviewed. Based on theoretical insights from psychoanalytic geographies and geographies of nursing, this paper makes two observations. First, that landscape has been almost exclusively interpreted in a physical sense with co-presence being a necessary condition. In turn, this assumption has led to the neglect of non-physical (imagined) places. Second, that therapeutic effects have been interpreted as experiences attained outside of clinical practices. Hence, healthcare workers and their direct treatments and care have also been neglected. To explore these omissions together, an interview survey of complementary therapists investigates the many ways in which imagined places are constructed and manipulated in therapy sessions. Arguably, beyond this example, extending the therapeutic landscape concept to both physical and non-physical features of treatments could provide fresh insights into the dynamics between healthcare and place. In disciplinary terms, the benefits are twofold. Whilst it could help develop a critical tradition in health geography, perhaps ironically, it could also provide a stronger disciplinary connection between qualitative health geography, various forms of medicine and their research traditions.     

求梁位移的比拟梁法

有多种方法求梁的位移，如积分法、叠加法、初参数方程法、其轭梁法、有限差分法、奇异函数法和莫尔“面积-力矩”法等等，其大都具有或计算复杂或依赖各种不同的图表等特点。提出比拟梁法，试图开辟一个新的路径，即以记忆少量系数迭到计算同样问题而过程又相对较简单之目的。由挠曲线连续性出发，从平面几何角度观察了欲求挠度和转角的关系，发现其可表示成谓之为比拟梁法的自由端挠度的函数。建立的公式表明，其优点是在无法查表情况下便当算出梁位移。当多个荷载同时作用时，则此法优势明显。     

由两个定向钻孔探孔探钻孔弯曲因素

钻宿民否是导致孔斜的主要原因，当钻孔深度的不超过300米时，钻头便可根据操作者所给压力在软岩层过后的硬岩层层面上垂向铅直钻进，也可根据钻探目的顺层向或逆层向弯曲钻进。     

高斯积分在地球重力场数值计算中的应用

高程异常、垂线偏差及空中扰动引力矢量是大地测量和空间技术最常用的一组重力场参数,本文在分析了以上三种参数的计算误差源以后,详细论证了计算这些参数对积分面积元的不同要求。在此基础上,本文尝试将高斯积分应用于地球重力场数值计算中,试验结果表明,这样做不仅提高了计算速度和精度,而且能够在一定程度上克服重力场元数值积分的奇异性。     

交叉裂隙水流N-S方程有限元分析

运用有限元理论从N-S方程(Navier-Stokesequation)出发,研究了交叉裂隙水流的基本特征.通过有限元计算结果与传统网络水力学算法及实验成果的对比分析,论述了在裂隙渗流分析中,传统网络计算方法的近似程度完全能为工程要求所接受.网络裂隙渗流分析计算时,不必再单独考虑裂隙水的偏流问题.     

BJS54测绘成果到CGCS2000的改正分析

2000中国大地坐标系(CGCS2000)是我国新启用的地心坐标系。采用七参数转换模型且计算区域内使用一套转换参数计算了1954北京坐标系(B JS54)下的经纬度坐标以及高斯平面坐标转换到2000中国大地坐标系(CGCS2000)的改正量,分析了这些改变量所对应的变化趋势以及对旧地形图的影响,提出了对纸质地形图和数字地形图的改正方法。垂线偏差和高程异常的改正量也进行了计算和分析。     

混凝土垫层对围护墙支撑效应的监测分析

控制基坑变形是保证基坑及周边环境安全的关键,而底板施工期间墙体变形的控制更是关注的重点。结合上海轨道交通某在建地铁车站基坑开挖时的变形监测数据及跟踪工况,对素混凝土垫层的支撑约束作用进行了监测分析。坑底暴露时间对底板施工阶段内的基坑变形有着显著影响,基坑暴露时间的长短是控制底板施工期间围护墙变形的关键。素混凝土垫层对围护墙体变形具有一定的支撑效应,在一定程度上能起到类似结构底板的作用。施工中应尽快完成混凝土垫层的浇筑工作,尽早发挥垫层对围护墙体的支撑作用。垫层对墙体的支撑效果与其自身的平直度等因素有很大关系,破坏垫层的整体性,则会削弱其对围护墙体的支撑作用。提出对坑底施工阶段基坑变形的控制措施,缩短底板施工阶段的暴露时间,提高垫层的整体性,加快底板施工,尽早形成底板混凝土对围护墙体的支撑作用,从而控制开挖阶段的基坑变形,对其他深基坑工程具有一定的参考价值。     

Evaluation of buttress wall shapes to limit movements induced by deep excavation

Three-dimension finite element analyses of deep excavations with buttress walls were performed to evaluate the effect of buttress wall shapes on limiting movements induced by deep excavation. Results showed that a combination of the rectangular and the capital L-letter shapes (RL-shape) yielded the greatest performance in reducing wall deflections and ground surface settlements. The main deformation-control mechanism mainly came from the horizontal and vertical frictional resistances of buttress walls against adjacent soils which were pushed by wall deflections and the soil heave at the excavation bottom, respectively. Besides, the RL-shape buttress walls were successfully verified through a well-documented case history.     

Probabilistic analysis of responses of cantilever wall-supported excavations in sands considering vertical spatial variability

The influence of vertical spatial variability of sands on the excavation-induced lateral wall deflection and bending moment of excavations supported by cantilever retaining walls is investigated in this paper. Herein, the random finite element method (RFEM) is adopted to explicitly study the effect of one-dimensional spatial variability of internal friction angle of sands on the predicted wall and ground responses. The RFEM analysis consists of three components: (1) finite element method for analyzing lateral wall deflection and bending moment, (2) random field theory implemented with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and (3) statistical interpretation of MCS results through confidence intervals. This study reveals the importance of random field modeling in coping with the spatial variability of sands in the problem of supported excavations: (1) neglecting spatial variability of soil property will cause an overestimation of the variation in the predicted wall deflection and bending moment; (2) the estimated probability of failure based on a well-established serviceability limit state may be overestimated or underestimated depending on the chosen limiting lateral wall deflection. This study further investigates the effect of the number of MCS on the confidence intervals of the predicted statistics of the maximum lateral wall deflection and the maximum bending moment. The results also demonstrate that the confidence interval analysis of the predicted statistics of the maximum lateral wall deflection and the maximum bending moment provides a rational tool for interpreting the statistical data from RFEM.