变形稳定理论在盐岩储气库优化设计中的应用

为解决盐岩储气库洞室形状以及库群布置的优化设计问题,将变形加固理论发展和完善为变形稳定理论,把塑性余能与强度折减系数的K-ΔE关系曲线作为储气库群的整体稳定性判据。在变形稳定理论的基础上,对不同形状和布置方式的洞室的整体稳定性进行定量评价,优化分析了洞室形状以及库群的布置方式,进而获得最具安全稳定性的洞室形状和布置方式。研究结果表明,变形稳定理论为盐岩储气库洞室形状和洞群布置方式的优化设计提供了一套实用有效的分析理论和方法。     

基于互补理论的扩展有限元接触问题实现

在处理含有裂隙这类不连续问题时,常规有限元方法需要对裂隙尖端部位进行局部网格加密,当裂隙扩展时还需要进行网络重构。基于单位分解思想的扩展有限元成功解决了常规有限元难以处理的裂隙类不连续问题。在研究复合裂隙时,通常需要考虑裂隙的接触问题。基于互补理论,建立了裂隙面上相对位移和接触力的互补方程,并采用牛顿法求解,无需开闭迭代,且能够快速收敛。最后,对含裂隙平板进行受压数值试验,计算结果表明,基于互补理论的扩展有限元接触算法能够有效地阻止裂隙两端网格的相互嵌入,且获得裂隙面上的应力分布与实际一致。     

On the evaluation of deflections of the vertical using FFT technique

There exist three types of convolution formulae for the efficient evaluation of gravity field convolution integrals, i.e., the planar 2D convolution, the spherical 2D convolution and the spherical 1D convolution. The largest drawback of both the planar and the spherical 2D FFT methods is that, due to the approximations in the kernel function, only inexact results can be achieved. Apparently, the reason is the meridian convergence at higher latitudes. As the meridians converge, the ??,?λ blocks do not form a rectangular grid, as is assumed in 2D FFT methods. It should be pointed out that the meridian convergence not only leads to an approximation error in the kernel function, but also causes an approximation error during the implementation of 2D FFT in computer. In order to meet the increasing need for precise determination of the vertica deflections, this paper derives a more precise planar 2D FFT formula for the computation of the vertical deflections. After having made a detailed comparison between the planar and the spherical 2D FFT formulae, we find out the main source of errors causing the loss in accuracy by applying the conventional spherical 2D FFT method. And then, a modified spherical 2D FFT formula for the computation of the vertical deflections is developed in this paper. A series of numerical tests have been carried out to illustrate the improvement made upon the old spherical 2D FFT. The second part of this paper is to discuss the influences of the spherical harmonic reference field, the limited capsize, and the singular integral on the computation of the vertical deflections. The results of the vertical deflections over China by applying the spherical 1D FFT formula with different integration radii have been compared to the astro-observed vertical deflections in the South China Sea to obtain a set of optimum deflection computation parameters.     

加速遗传算法在预应力连续箱梁桥有限元模型修正中的应用

针对预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的通扬运河大桥,建立其有限元模型.基于评价模型修正效果的频率指标与振型相关系数指标、柔度矩阵指标和挠度指标,定义三个目标函数,利用环境激励的试验模态参数,通过实数编码加速遗传算法对有限元模型进行了修正.相对于基于频率指标与振型相关系数指标定义的目标函数,基于柔度矩阵指标或挠度指标定义的目标函数修正的有限元模型,能同时较准确地反映其动态和静态特性,也能实现其试验模态振型较精确的质量归一化.     

An analytical model of soil–structure interaction with swelling soils during droughts

Lightly loaded structures constructed on expansive soils may develop structural damage as a result of changes in the soil’s moisture content. This study investigated an analytical model of soil–structure interaction to assess the settlement of dwellings built on swelling soils when droughts occur. The building behavior was investigated with the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, and the ground behavior was investigated with a Winkler-derived model based on the state surface approach. The analytical model results were compared to those of a finite element analysis using the Barcelona Expansive Model (BExM) performed with Code_Bright.The analytical model was then used to assess the settlement transmission ratio for a typology of clayey soils and different parameters of building. The results indicated that the final deflection of the building increased with the building length and soil suction. The building deflection due to the suction variations was inversely proportional to the load, the rigidity of the building and the embedding depth of the foundation. Increasing these parameters made the building less vulnerable to shrinkage and swelling action.     

恒定主应力轴偏转循环荷载下饱和软黏土累积孔压特性分析

现有的饱和软黏土循环荷载累积孔压显式模型未能反映路基土体单元在土体自重作用下主应力轴的偏转现象。在确定饱和软黏土固结时间的基础上,在固结压力分别为100、150、200 kPa下,对软黏土进行主应力轴偏转角为15°、30°、45°的不排水循环加载试验,得到了固结围压、主应力轴旋转角及动应力比对循环累积孔压影响的规律。基于第一次循环加载累积孔压变化规律和修正动偏应力水平,建立了能考虑恒定主应力轴偏转角循环加载下累积孔压显式模型,并利用恒定主应力轴偏转角循环加载试验结果验证了模型的合理性。建立的循环荷载下饱和软黏土累积孔压显式模型参数易于确定,参数具有明确的物理意义且能考虑主应力轴的恒定偏转现象。     

可控震源的互补组合激发技术

在浅层地震勘探领域,便携式可控震源的研制和应用目前仍没有达到实用化水平,震源激发能量与便携性之间的相互制约一直是困扰人们的一个棘手问题。振动式可控震源采用扫频方式激发,具有良好的相关特性,但若要增加输出力必须以增大自身重量、牺牲便携性为代价;冲击式可控震源采用冲击序列方式激发,具有能量强的特点,但若要减小解码地震记录中的相关噪声,必须增加冲击序列的长度,从而增加了勘探施工成本。研究冲击式与振动式可控震源的互补组合激发技术,保持了冲击式可控震源在能量与便携性方面的优势,在不增加冲击序列长度的前提下降低了解码记录中的相关噪声。相关分析、频谱分析、地震数值模拟和实际地震实验的结果均证实了互补组合激发方法的有效性。     

广东实际蒸散发与潜在蒸散发的关系研究

利用广东86个气象站1961-2008年的观测资料,采用高桥浩一郎经验公式、Penman公式分别计算了广东省6个子区域1961-2008年实际蒸散发(Actual Evapotranspiration)Ea和潜在蒸散发(Potential Evapotranspiration)Ep,并定量化分析了供水条件变化下Ea与Ep的关系,对它们的理论从属性进行了判定。结果表明,广东省年实际蒸散发量远低于潜在蒸散发量,全省平均Ea为791.0 mm/a,Ep为1 034.1 mm/a,多数子区域Ea不足Ep的3/4,Ea的变异性明显高于Ep。随降水量R的增加,粤东沿海、珠三角、粤北、粤中、粤西南5个子区域Ea增加趋势明显,粤东Ea随R的变化趋势不明显;除粤东外,各子区域的Ep与降水量呈显著负相关关系;随着R的增加,全省平均Ea呈明显的增加趋势,Ep则呈明显的下降趋势。通过对降水量R与实际蒸散发Ea、潜在蒸散发Ep的联合回归方程R-E回归系数的T检验,判定粤东沿海、珠三角、粤北、粤中、粤西南5个子区域Ea与R和Ep与R的关系满足理论意义上的完全互补相关;粤东Ea与R和Ep与R关系不明确。     

能源储备地下库群稳定性与连锁破坏分析

基于变形加固理论关于结构失稳的严格定义及其集合逻辑表述,提出了基于不平衡力和最小塑性余能原理的地下储库群稳定性判别方法。在非平衡态弹塑性力学框架下,将经典有限元拓展到结构失稳后的分析,塑性余能范数即可作为库群失稳判据,而不平衡力及其发展则表征了库群失稳破坏的形态和演化路径。研究了单储库的稳定性、双储库结构在不同储库间距条件下的整体稳定性及连锁破坏规律,并应用于金坛盐矿油气储库群的稳定性分析和连锁破坏模拟计算分析。研究表明,不平衡力和塑性余能范数用来定量评价地下储库的稳定性是合适的。变形加固理论为评价库群整体稳定性、研究储库间相互作用以及破坏的时空演化提供了定量实用的分析方法,为地下储库群的灾变机制与防护研究打下基础。     

用于结构健康诊断的动静结合法及其试验验证

介绍了一种用于梁式结构的健康诊断方法,该方法以具有较高测试精度的低阶模态参数和静力测试参数为损伤识别量,适用于本构相同的多个结构或构件的健康诊断.具体实施中只选取少量结构作为样本,对其进行静、动力的联合测试,以获得静力、动力参数间的数学回归关系,依此关系对其余的结构仅通过动力测试便可获得等效于静力加载法的健康诊断效果.以12个不同损伤程度的钢桁架结构为试验对象,对其静、动参数的相关性进行了研究.结果表明,桁架的静力刚度和一阶固有频率与桁架的损伤程度密切相关,二者可作为标识桁架损伤的静、动参数.静、动参数对桁架的损伤程度指示明确,规律是损伤越大,静、动参数值越小.采用最小二乘法建立了桁架静、动参数间数学关系式,说明梁式结构的静、动参数密切相关,动静结合法可行.