伽利略计划进展简述

伽利略系统是欧洲自主的全球定位导航系统,自1999年正式开始研究,现已进入开发阶段。伽利略系统是一个大系统项目,涉及政治、经济、科技、军事各个方面,本文着重从管理的角度对伽利略计划的有关进展进行了总体的介绍。     

Formulating a General Spatial Segregation Measure*

Most traditional segregation measures, such as the index of dissimilarity D, fail to distinguish spatial patterns effectively. Previously proposed spatial measures modifying D suffer from several shortcomings. This article describes a general spatial segregation index based upon the concept of composite population counts, which are derived from grouping people in neighboring areas together to account implicitly for spatial interaction of groups across unit boundaries. The suggested spatial index can overcome the disadvantages of previous indices and can assess the spatial extent of the segregated clusters. The results offer a more comprehensive depiction of spatial segregation of a region.     

一个快速Kalman滤波方法及其在GPS动态数据处理中的应用

本文首先建立起利用Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波进行动态ＧＰＳ数据处理的数学模型。然后，基于矩阵外积概念设计了一个很有实用价值的Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波算法，并应用于动态ＧＰＳ数据处理问题。理论分析和计算结果表明：该方法不仅数值稳定性高，而且快速高效，所用ＣＰＵ时间仅为标准Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波的八分之一。     

基于FFII的城市旅游景观塑造:伊春市案例

城市景观是城市旅游的重要依托。文中应用旅游景观、旅游规划、景观生态和城市设计的基本理论 ,从发展城市旅游的角度 ,提出了城市旅游景观塑造的FFII概念体系 ,并对伊春城市旅游景观整治的案例进行了实证研究。     

Streamflow drought time series forecasting

Drought is considered to be an extreme climatic event causing significant damage both in the natural environment and in human lives. Due to the important role of drought forecasting in water resources planning and management and the stochastic behavior of drought, a multiplicative seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model is applied to the monthly streamflow forecasting of the Zayandehrud River in western Isfahan province, Iran. After forecasting 12 leading month streamflow, four drought thresholds including streamflow mean, monthly streamflow mean, 2-, 5-, 10- and 20-year return period monthly drought and standardized streamflow index were chosen. Both observed and forecasted streamflow showed a drought period with different severity in the lead-time. This study also demonstrates the usefulness of SARIMA models in forecasting, water resources planning and management.     

辽西牛营子凹陷中元古界推覆体以下发现早中侏罗世优质烃源岩新地层

【研究目的】一直以来辽西牛营子凹陷油气勘探的目的层为中新元古界。由于构造抬升等因素,该凹陷地表未见辽西其他盆地出露的重要油气勘探层系—侏罗系北票组。【研究方法】本次通过辽凌地1井钻探,在牛营子凹陷中元古界碳酸盐岩推覆体下发现了一套厚层暗色泥岩,对其岩性及孢粉组合特征进行研究,并与辽西北票盆地实测的三宝四坑剖面北票组进行岩性组合对比。【研究结果】证实辽凌地1井中元古界碳酸盐岩推覆体以下厚层泥岩为侏罗系北票组。【结论】有机地球化学指标表明,该泥岩具有有机质丰度高、生烃潜力大的特点,是值得关注的优质烃源岩。该套厚层暗色沉积地层的发现表明侏罗系北票组是牛营子凹陷新的勘探层系,这一认识为研究辽西地区构造演化、油气地质条件提供了重要的基础地质资料。创新点：采用孢粉组合特征及岩性组合特征等方法确定辽凌地1井中元古界推覆体以下暗色泥岩为侏罗系北票组地层,依据地球化学指标确定该套地层为优质烃源岩。     

基于生态系统视角的湿地概念规范化分析

湿地概念的不规范是导致我国湿地管理困境的重要原因。从科学研究和保护管理两个方面论述了湿地概念需要规范化的必要性,从生态系统视角,将湿地定义为:湿地是一类介于水域和陆域之间的特殊过渡类型生态系统,其地下水位通常处于或接近地表,或整个地带被浅水覆盖,并促进形成湿地土壤,以支持水生植物生长和适于湿地动物活动的区域,并从科学研究和保护管理两个方面进行了解释分析。同时认为湿地在研究和管理方面面临的共同难点是如何确定湿地的边界,建议从不同方面进行分类研究,科学上对湿地给出相对严格的科学定义,实际研究和管理中可以根据具体情况进行确定。     

相似变换模型在参考框架基准实现中的应用

详细探讨了相似变换在地球参考框架的基准定义实施中的相关模型及方法。利用四种空间大地测量技术（GPS、SLR、DORIS、VLBI）在2000．0历元的站坐标组文件,对ITRF2005的内符精度进行了实验评价。     

Shear wave velocity-based liquefaction evaluation in the great Wenchuan earthquake： a preliminary case study

The great Wenchuan earthquake (Ms = 8.0) in 2008 caused severe damage in the western part of the Chengdu Plain. Soil liquefaction was one of the major causes of damage in the plain areas, and proper evaluation of liquefaction potential is important in the definition of the seismic hazard facing a given region and post-earthquake reconstruction. In this paper, a simplified procedure is proposed for liquefaction assessment of sandy deposits using shear wave velocity (Vs), and soil liquefaction from the Banqiao School site was preliminarily investigated after the earthquake. Boreholes were made at the site and shear wave velocities were measured both by SASW and down-hole methods. Based on the in-situ soil information and Vs profiles, the liquefaction potential of this site was evaluated. The results are reasonably consistent with the actual field behavior observed after the earthquake, indicating that the proposed procedure is effective. The possible effects of gravel and fines contents on liquefaction of sandy soils were also briefly discussed.     

水贫困测量及应用的国际研究进展

水贫困理论导源于一般的贫困理论,该理论确定了人们为了消除贫困必须具备的五种能力.五种基本能力与人们生存发展的五种生计资本以及水贫困的五个维度三者之间存在某种对应关系;水贫困的定义仍然处于争论之中,但是任何人对它的限定至少都包含着生计资本的一个或者多个方面.水贫困的测量也经历了由单个变量到多个变量、由相等权重到不同权重、由简单到复杂的演变过程.水贫困研究结果的分析方法也有五种之多,各有所侧重.在水贫困理论研究的国际应用方面,最具有代表性的成果是Caroline Sullivan博士于2002年在测算了各国WPI的基础上,对世界上147个国家的WPI得分进行了排队,结果芬兰以78.0的得分高居榜首,海地得分35.1分,列147位,中国得51.1分,居106位,并且根据计算数据编制了全球WPI地图.在国别研究中,Claudia Heidecke于2006对贝宁全国各地区的WPI值进行了计算,经研究,建立了贝宁的WPI地理空间数据库.另外,WPI还可在流域和社区尺度上应用.近年来,水贫困理论进一步发展为WWI和CVI,显示出水贫困理论的前景和发展趋势.