基于GIS的道路选线方法与趋势

简要介绍GIS在道路选线中的应用,从基本空间分析方法的角度将基于GIS的道路选线方法分为3类：基于数字高程模型的线路设计方法;基于叠置分析的线路优选方法;基于空间分析与模拟的综合选线方法;并对其发展趋势作一定讨论。     

建设城市产业资源地理空间信息共享服务平台的思考

针对当前我国城市发展、资源配置、业态布局等方面存在的突出矛盾,立足城市产业资源的空间维度属性,提出了基于地理空间信息建立城市产业资源信息共享服务平台的总体构想,阐明了其必要性和可行性,分析了建设该平台所需的基础条件、工作流程及数据资源。在此基础上,提出了平台建设的总体设计思路、主要建设内容、实施推进策略及组织保障措施,同时提出了针对今后长效机制的应对思路。     

盾构施工引起地层变位的实时决策系统设计

介绍了盾构施工引起地层变位实时决策系统的总体结构,分析了各个模块的功能。以灰色模型为例,建立了盾构施工引起地层变位的安全监控模型。归纳了对地层变位异常值检查的评判准则,并进行异常值的成因分析,提出了安全度的概念作为综合评价方法。工程实例表明,该系统具有数据存储和查询功能,将监测数据、监控模型、系统评判可视化,实现了对地层变位的综合评判,有助于盾构施工的信息化管理和反馈。     

Forecasting and Decision-Making of Systematic Theories for Engineering Geology in Environmental Geoscience

INTRoDUCTION'Therearemanyproblemsofenvironmentalgeoscience.Theirfactorsofaffectionareverycomp1icated.Theyareal-mostfromtheearth,othercelestialbodiesandthebiosphere,especiallythefactorsofhumanaction.Becausethedevelop-mentofgeologicalenvironmentwillnotstop,theactionsofslopeandcatastrophesappearuninterruptedly,andenviron-mentdeterioratesfast.BAS1CTHEoRIESANDDEDUCTIONSoFPR1NC1PLESBiomathematicianVerhulstrevisedMalthusmode1andproposedthatarestrictingtermwasadded.ItisorY'=ap(t)[1…     

遥感影像的分类评价及可视化分析——以平顶山市平煤矿区附近区域为例

选取平顶山平煤矿区附近区域作为研究区,使用无人机进行拍摄,以获悉矿区周边地物种类,补充辅助决策中的居民地、道路等信息,重点研究遥感影像的分析处理.为实现遥感影像分类并增强可视化效果,以无人机影像为源图像,分别采用无人机正射影像的主流处理软件Photoscan和Pix4d,完成图像的预处理及拼接,发现利用Pix4d软件进...     

It starts at home? Climate policies targeting household consumption and behavioral decisions are key to low-carbon futures

Through their consumption behavior, households are responsible for 72% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, they are key actors in reaching the 1.5 °C goal under the Paris Agreement. However, the possible contribution and position of households in climate policies is neither well understood, nor do households receive sufficiently high priority in current climate policy strategies. This paper investigates how behavioral change can achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in European high-income countries. It uses theoretical thinking and some core results from the HOPE research project, which investigated household preferences for reducing emissions in four European cities in France, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The paper makes five major points: First, car and plane mobility, meat and dairy consumption, as well as heating are the most dominant components of household footprints. Second, household living situations (demographics, size of home) greatly influence the household potential to reduce their footprint, even more than country or city location. Third, household decisions can be sequential and temporally dynamic, shifting through different phases such as childhood, adulthood, and illness. Fourth, short term voluntary efforts will not be sufficient by themselves to reach the drastic reductions needed to achieve the 1.5 °C goal; instead, households need a regulatory framework supporting their behavioral changes. Fifth, there is a mismatch between the roles and responsibilities conveyed by current climate policies and household perceptions of responsibility. We then conclude with further recommendations for research and policy.     

规划管理智能决策在城市固体废物治理中的应用

对城市固废治理系统规划管理是有效进行治理决策的根本方法,由此提出了GIS支持的城市固废规划管理智能决策方法。该方法用规划管理的思想将"城市固废治理系统"的决策划分为操作性、战术性、战略性三个层次。在此基础上,构建系统的总体规划。同时,将KBS与总体规划中的半结构化?非结构化模型相结合,提高决策的智能化水平;将GIS与模型整体集成,增强决策的直观性和全面性。给出了该方法的一般性决策模型及决策过程与主要创新,并以该方法为指导,初步建立了GIS支持的城市固废规划管理智能决策系统。     

基于功能的高坝建设方案的风险决策研究

为了更加安全和经济地进行抗震设计,不仅要防止结构发生倒塌破坏,而且要有效地控制结构的其他破坏状态。在此背景下,基于性能的抗震设计被广泛讨论研究,并且被认为是未来抗震设计的主要发展方向之一,在高坝建设工程领域探讨了发电经济功能的高坝建设方案的风险决策问题,提出了一种在不同震级作用下高坝震害损失的计算方法。通过水位这一变量揭示了高坝动力分析与经济损失量之间的内在联系,并以一算例说明了计算方法的正确性和可行性。     

Magic and Muck: On Chicken and Egg Problems When Framing Organic Conversions as Transformations,and the Importance of the Personal Sphere

Abstract

This comment aims to further develop James and Brown proposal of framing organic conversions as transformations, referring to “the three spheres of transformation” (practical, political, and personal). Particularly, I address the dynamic interactions between the three spheres during the transformational process, and challenge James and Brown’s emphasis on the political sphere. To this aim, I first make explicit the temporal logic underlying James and Brown’s analysis, which is consistent with other conceptualizations in literature, also giving importance to the political sphere. Then, I mention an alternative approach, highlighting the potentially initiating role of key individuals and farmers’ epiphanies in the transformational process. This makes a strong difference in the narratives that can be made around organic conversions, by shedding light on the personal sphere and the “co-arising” of the three spheres. This proposal raises both methodological and theoretical questions, which can be addressed by introducing insights from quantum theory.     

从铜山铜矿深部找矿的经验谈老矿山深部找矿的成功要素

铜山铜矿是一个开发历史超过50年的中型铜矿山,在近年开展的危机矿山接替资源勘查过程中,在深部找到了铜金属储量超过了22万吨的矿体。本文在全面总结铜山铜矿深部找矿经验和成果的基础上探讨了制约深部找矿成功的因素。创立具有预测能力的成矿理论是预测深部矿体的最有力的保证,但对深部矿体的可靠的预测需要有勘探工程决策和投资决策的支持才能转化成具经济价值的矿产储量,不能别面强调物探技术在深部找矿中的作用,更不能轻视地质专家和钻探技术在深部找矿中的作用。