电子信息化技术在地方资源介绍方面的应用

本文通过对灵宝市矿产资源电子信息化实施的工程实例 ,详细阐述了这种技术方法在介绍地方部门资源方面的优势 ,以及运用它所必须的软件、硬件环境等和实施这种技术的方法。     

地震与强降雨作用下堆积体滑坡变形破坏机理及防治方案分析

位于西南山地堆积体滑坡常受到地震和强降雨的双重作用,查明此类滑坡变形破坏机理是地质灾害防治和风险防控的基础。文章的研究对象是鲜水河断裂带附近的炉霍县马居滑坡。研究表明,地震作用对位于斜坡地带堆积体滑坡体结构损伤明显,不但使滑坡整体稳定性下降,还促使坡体内裂隙大量发育,利于降雨入渗,进一步恶化滑坡的水文地质条件。强降雨形成的大规模洪水和泥石流下切坡脚沟道,牵引滑坡体整体向下。长历时强降雨入渗影响坡体稳定性,且在降雨结束后较长时间持续影响坡体稳定性。因此,对此类滑坡防治的对策应考虑坡脚防护和抗滑支挡设置。在对防治方案的有效性分析后,表明防护方案在极端条件下仍然能保障安全性,达防治和风险管控的目的。     

深部盐岩层绳索取心钻井液技术研究与应用

由于次生应力场的作用以及盐岩易溶于水的特性,深部盐岩层钻进存在岩层蠕动、钻井液易遭受盐钙侵等问题;钻进参数选择不合理易导致盐岩层取心效率低、岩心冲蚀严重。本文以河南省叶舞凹陷ZK3井为例,采用石油钻井与绳索取心相结合的措施,解决了普通固体矿产钻探设备在深部地层取心中效力不足的问题;通过阳离子交换容量测定、矿物组分鉴定、钻井液体系优选及性能测试等试验,确定了针对上部泥岩地层的聚合物钻井液体系,中部含膏泥岩的欠饱和盐水钻井液体系,下部盐岩层取心段的饱和盐水钻井液体系。通过确定合适的钻井液密度与临界环空返速,可以有效控制深部盐岩层蠕变与井壁冲蚀,适度提高排量以成倍提高钻进速度。钻进过程中钻井液性能稳定,体系转换顺利且性能易于调整,为取心任务的顺利完成提供了有力保证。     

PDC钻头切削齿布齿设计的新思路

切削齿布齿设计是PDC钻头设计的关键。为提高PDC钻头的钻进效率,综合考虑PDC钻头切削齿的设计特点和切削先后顺序等因素,并且通过对PDC钻头单切削齿实验结果进行分析,提出了以冠部轮廓法线为基准的切削齿布齿设计方法。     

不同开采条件下采空区地表变形机理的数值模拟研究

通过建立数值模型,模拟不同采深、采宽、采厚及不同开采倾角下采空区地表的变形,通过数值模拟及计算得出各开采条件下地表的下沉曲线及水平移动曲线,进而分析地表变形规律及变形机理,为研究开采引起的地表变形提供一种便捷的方法。     

岩质路堑边坡施工监测及稳定性分析

以某高速公路岩质路堑边坡为例,通过施工现场监测及稳定性分析,结果显示初始设计状态下坡体深层位移和坡面位移接近滑动临界值。采取变更设计后,利用现场监测结合蒙特卡洛数值模拟的方法对该路堑边坡的加固效果进行稳定性和可靠性分析。经过加固后的边坡能较好地维持稳定,支护措施可靠。这种现场监测结合蒙特卡洛数值模拟的方法为路堑边坡的动态设计提供了依据,并能及时作出趋势性预测,为路堑岩质边坡的合理支护提供一种新的思路。     

Excel 在坐标法测设曲线中的应用

利用Excel软件计算带有缓和曲线的圆曲线放样数据,可有效解决坐标的计算问题,提高内业工作效率,并提出坐标法测设曲线的方法,分析了在不同的情况下,如何选择合适的坐标放样方法保证曲线测设的精度。     

Interplay between an axial channel belt,slope gullies and overbank deposition in the Puchkirchen Formation in the Molasse Basin,Austria

Deep‐water sediments in the Molasse Basin, Austria, were deposited in a narrow foreland basin dominated by a large channel belt located between the steep Alpine fold and thrust belt to the south and the gentler northern slope off the Bohemian Massif. Several gas fields occur outside the channel belt, along the outer bend of a large meander. Accumulation of these overbank sediments reflects a complicated interplay between slope accommodation and debris‐flow and turbidity‐flow interaction within the channel. The tectonically oversteepened northern slope of the basin (ca 2 to 3°) developed a regionally important erosional surface, the Northern Slope Unconformity, which can be traced seismically for >100 km in an east–west direction and >20 km from the channel to the north. The slope preserves numerous gullies sourced from the north that eroded into the channel belt. These gullies were ca 20 km long, <1 km wide and ca 200 m deep. As the channel aggraded, largely inactive and empty gullies served as entry points into the overbank area for turbidity currents within the axial channel. Subsequently, debris‐flow mounds, 7 km wide and >15 km long, plugged and forced the main channel to step abruptly ca 7 km to the south. This resulted in development of an abrupt turn in the channel pathway that propagated to the east and probably played a role in forming a sinuous channel later. As debris‐flow topography was healed, flows spread out onto narrow area between the main channel and northern slope forming a broad fine‐grained apron that serves as the main gas reservoir in this area. This model of the overbank splay formation and the resulting stratigraphic architecture within the confined basin could be applied in modern and ancient systems or for subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs where three‐dimensional seismic‐reflection data is limited. This study elucidates the geomorphology of the oversteepened slope of the under‐riding plate and its effects on the sedimentation.     

道路平面测设计算的通用公式

基于各类道路线型曲率呈线性变化的共同特性,给出了线元上任意点坐标方位角的统一计算公式,进而提出了适用于所有道路线型平面测设计算的中桩坐标、边桩坐标的通用公式。在此基础上,讨论线路外一点对应中桩的计算以及直线与线路交点的计算,给出了相应的计算方案。     

采用偏心割刀处理小口径钻孔掉钻事故实践

偏心割刀切割钻杆、钻具,多应用在大口径工程施工钻中,在地质钻探施工中,偏心割刀可以用来切割套管、岩心管。在贵州省普安县青山镇泥堡二矿的钻探施工中,使用偏心割刀从钻杆的外面将钻杆切割掉,成功处理了一次复杂的钻孔事故。介绍了采用偏心割刀处理钻孔事故的技术措施及注意事项。