山东焦家金成矿带三维预测模型及靶区优选

为了实现焦家金成矿带资源的可持续开发利用,应用三维地质建模技术指导深部找矿工作迫在眉睫。文章从山东焦家金成矿带区域地质背景入手,全面收集研究区已有的地质、矿产、物探、化探等科研成果资料,结合前人的成矿理论研究,分析和总结有利成矿、控矿地质条件,并应用该区深部物化探信息资料,建立综合信息定量找矿模型,采用“立方体预测模型”及地质统计学方法推断深部成矿空间,实现真正意义的定位定量定概率的资源预测评价。预测结果表明,该成矿带深部找矿金资源量达842.88 t,具有较好的开发利用潜力。更重要的是,圈定了7个尚未开发的成矿有利靶区,并结合探矿工程模型,提出了具体的勘查建议,为深部找矿提供了科学依据。     

岩体裂隙网络非线性渗流特性研究

基于人工交叉裂隙模型,通过室内透水试验,利用电荷耦合元件（CCD）照相机可视化技术,对流体在裂隙交叉点内的非线性流动特性进行研究。建立两种离散裂隙网络（DFN）模型,考虑两种边界条件,改变模型进口和出口之间的压力,直接求解Navier-Stokes（简称N-S）方程,对DFN的非线性渗流特性进行研究。结果表明,室内试验可以观测到与出口3相连的裂隙单元内发生了明显的非线性流动,且通过模型的流量Q和模型两端的压力P具有非线性关系。数值计算结果也表明,在水力梯度J较大时（比如J > 0.1）,通过DFN的Q和P具有非线性关系,而当J较小时（比如J < 10-4）,Q与P线性相关;根据文中的算例,建议利用局部立方定律求解DFN内每条裂隙的渗流特性的临界条件为J ≤10-4;裂隙表面粗糙会造成通过DFN渗流量的降低,但对相对流量误差的影响可忽略不计。     

Fe—Mn—Co—Cu体系尖晶石的结构和红外辐射特性

采用XRD、SEM／EDAX、IR等测试方法研究了Fe2O3-MnO2-Co2O3-CuO体系的结构及其形成过程，测试了该体系的红外辐射性能，分析了该体系的结构特征与其红外辐射特性的关系。研究结果表明，高温合成过程中过渡金属氧化物形成立方尖晶石固溶体。尖晶石结构的四面体位置主要分布有Fe^3 、Mn^2 、Cu^2 等离子，八面体位置主要被Mn3^ ,Co^3 ,Cu^2 ,Fe^2 ,Fe^3 等离子占据。体系组成的变化对过渡金属离子在四面体位置和八面体位置的分布状况产生影响。由于在四面体位置和八面体位置上均存在多种过渡金属离子，Fe-Mn-Co-Cu体系立方尖晶石固溶体在2．5－25μm波段内具有较高的红外辐射率。     

用规则四方矩阵网格资料分析等值线的一种方法

介绍用规则四方矩阵网格资料绘制等值线，实现天气形势检索的思路方法。一是利用成图规则构造顶点绘制不规则点的平滑曲线；二是采用“三象限扫描法”追踪网格各等值点。结果与手绘图一致，线条流畅、准确，响应较快，对于开发自已的软件工具有一定的借鉴意义。     

一种北斗卫星钟差短期预报新方法

为提高北斗卫星的定位与授时精度,必须准确计算出卫星钟差数值。本文考虑北斗卫星钟差中随机部分误差的影响,尝试建立北斗卫星钟差拟合推估模型,根据拟合推估两步极小解法解算该模型,在求解协方差函数系数中,依据模型残差拟合多项式系数;并与常用的灰理论模型、拟合推估的正常解法钟差预报模型结果进行比对,算例结果表明了两步极小解法及拟合推估模型在北斗卫星钟差短期预报方面的有效性。     

基于点云的地铁隧道断面精确拟合与形变分析

针对三维激光扫描技术应用于地铁圆形、马蹄形等不同形状的隧道断面难以精确拟合和形变分析问题,提出了一种基于三次B样条曲线的隧道断面拟合分析方法,首先利用三次B样条曲线对断面进行拟合;然后根据拟合曲线提取断面特定点,实现断面形变分析。对某段地铁隧道点云数据进行断面分析表明,该方法可以快速准确地分析隧道断面的形变信息。     

TIN模型在温度场研究中的应用

论述了TIN模型在表达区域温度分布状况中的应用,并着重介绍了应用中涉及到的各种算法。采用将连续的空间区域离散化,以点温度值代替微小面元温度的方法来表达区域温度状况。将温度特征点通过Delaunay三角剖分方法生成TIN三角网来对区域温度场进行建模,从而通过内插方法来获取区域各位置的温度值,并在生成的三角网基础上生成等温线和区域温度颜色渐变图来形象、直观反映区域温度状况。为了考察应用效果,作者在成都理工大学主校区进行实地检验,采集了15个温度特征点,通过编程来实现对采样点进行TIN三角网的构建、等温线和区域温度图的生成。实验的结果表明TIN模型在温度场中的应用效果良好。     

Coupling of finite and hierarchical infinite elements: application to a non‐homogeneous cross‐anisotropic half‐space subjected to a non‐uniform circular loading

A method is presented for coupling cubic‐order quadrilateral finite elements with the finite side of a new coordinate ascent hierarchical infinite element. At a common side shared by a hierarchical infinite element and an arbitrary number of finite elements, the displacements are minimized in the least square sense with respect to the degrees‐of‐freedom of the finite elements. This leads to a set of equations that relate the degrees‐of‐freedom of the finite and hierarchical infinite elements on the shared side. The method is applied to a non‐homogeneous cross‐anisotropic half‐space subjected to a non‐uniform circular loading with Young's and shear moduli varying with depth according to the power law. A constant mesh constructed from coupled finite and hierarchical infinite elements is used and convergence is sought simply by increasing the degree of the interpolating polynomial. The displacements and stresses produced by conical and parabolic circular loads applied on the surface are obtained. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through convergence and comparison studies. New results produced by a frusto‐conical circular load applied on the surface of a half‐space made up of heavily consolidated London clay are provided. The non‐homogeneity parameter and degree of anisotropy are shown to influence the soil response. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AN INTEGRATION METHOD WITH FITTING CUBIC SPLINE FUNCTIONS TO A NUMERICAL MODEL OF 2ND-ORDER SPACE-TIME DIFFERENTIAL REMAINDER——FOR AN IDEAL GLOBAL SIMULATION CASE WITH PRIMITIVE ATMOSPHERIC EQUATIONS

In this paper,the forecasting equations of a 2nd-order space-time differential remainder are deduced from the Navier-Stokes primitive equations and Eulerian operator by Taylor-series expansion.Here we introduce a cubic spline numerical model(Spline Model for short),which is with a quasi-Lagrangian time-split integration scheme of fitting cubic spline/bicubic surface to all physical variable fields in the atmospheric equations on spherical discrete latitude-longitude mesh.A new algorithm of"fitting cubic spline—time step integration—fitting cubic spline—……"is developed to determine their first-and2nd-order derivatives and their upstream points for time discrete integral to the governing equations in Spline Model.And the cubic spline function and its mathematical polarities are also discussed to understand the Spline Model’s mathematical foundation of numerical analysis.It is pointed out that the Spline Model has mathematical laws of"convergence"of the cubic spline functions contracting to the original functions as well as its 1st-order and 2nd-order derivatives.The"optimality"of the 2nd-order derivative of the cubic spline functions is optimal approximation to that of the original functions.In addition,a Hermite bicubic patch is equivalent to operate on a grid for a 2nd-order derivative variable field.Besides,the slopes and curvatures of a central difference are identified respectively,with a smoothing coefficient of 1/3,three-point smoothing of that of a cubic spline.Then the slopes and curvatures of a central difference are calculated from the smoothing coefficient 1/3 and three-point smoothing of that of a cubic spline,respectively.Furthermore,a global simulation case of adiabatic,non-frictional and"incompressible"model atmosphere is shown with the quasi-Lagrangian time integration by using a global Spline Model,whose initial condition comes from the NCEP reanalysis data,along with quasi-uniform latitude-longitude grids and the so-called"shallow atmosphere"Navier-Stokes primitive equations in the spherical coordinates.The Spline Model,which adopted the Navier-Stokes primitive equations and quasi-Lagrangian time-split integration scheme,provides an initial ideal case of global atmospheric circulation.In addition,considering the essentially non-linear atmospheric motions,the Spline Model could judge reasonably well simple points of any smoothed variable field according to its fitting spline curvatures that must conform to its physical interpretation.     

基于Matlab的三次卷积法在数字地形数据内插中的应用

利用三次卷积法对数字地形数据进行内插,获得了足够的三维地形数据,解决了由于格网地形数据有限,必须采用内插的方法以获得足够的三维数据问题,实现了三维地形数据内插和三维模拟,取得了较好的效果,为复杂地形的三维地形建模提供了一种新的方法。