冻结作用对青藏红黏土及兰州粉土微观结构的影响分析

冻土微观孔隙特征是决定冻土体一系列物理、力学性质的基本参数,冻土中存在的冰晶体其体积受温度影响发生变化会影响到冻土的土体微观结构及孔隙特质发生变化。利用可用于负温冻土观测的新型扫描电镜,通过对青藏红黏土及兰州粉土不同初始条件下的土样冻结前后微观结构进行研究分析。结果表明：冻结作用发生后,冰晶生长对周围土颗粒产生挤压作用,导致周围土颗粒的移动和结构破坏,土中大孔隙的数量增多,加之周围小孔隙补给大孔隙中的冰晶进一步生长,出现局部个别大孔隙体积增大,小孔隙体积缩小的现象,表现在孔隙率上为土体在冻结后孔隙率减小;此外,对于粒径级配不同的土体而言,冻结作用对细颗粒土的土体孔隙的尺寸、形态以及排列方式等方面的影响均大于粗颗粒土;同样,初始含水率决定了冻结作用发生后参与改变土体微观结构的冰晶体生长的"量"的大小,在冻结作用对土体结构性破坏的过程中起重要作用。研究成果定量揭示了冻结作用对不同初始条件下的土体微观结构的影响,为研究冻土宏观力学特性和冻胀机制等提供了理论基础与和试验支撑。     

高温高压合成钻石晶体表面微形貌观察及其成因探讨

我国作为世界上最大的合成钻石生产国,其产量占据世界总产量的90%以上,其中以高温高压法(HPHT)合成钻石为主。国内外学者对于HPHT合成钻石物性的测试方法和性质分析较为完备,但是对HPHT合成钻石生长完成后的酸洗过程以及酸洗后留下的内外部微形貌亟待研究。本文采用激光共聚焦显微镜和超景深三维显微镜对118粒产自我国的HPHT合成钻石进行内外部特征观察,并配合激光拉曼光谱仪对这些微细结构内的包裹残余进行定性分析。发现了三类特征的结构类型:成一定夹角的阶梯型生长结构,揭示了HPHT合成钻石聚型晶的结晶学特质;近平行线状划痕,反映了生长腔体内钻石晶粒间的接触关系;通过独特的"绳捆纹"结构进行观察和分析,认为这一结构反映了HPHT合成钻石的生长速率。这些钻石表面的微形貌反映了HPHT合成钻石梯度高温和持续高压的生长条件和环境,对于HPHT合成钻石的鉴别具有指导意义。     

川西拉拉Fe-Cu矿区含矿镁铁质层状岩席的首次发现及其成岩成矿意义

尽管镁铁质层状侵入体得到了广泛关注,与其相关的成岩和成矿过程仍然存在很多疑问。文中首次报道了在川西拉拉Fe-Cu矿区发现的一种含矿镁铁质岩席,它的深入研究可能有助于理解拉拉Fe-Cu矿床的成因,以及层状侵入体的组装过程与成矿作用。野外观察表明,该岩席共由9个岩相带组成,相邻岩相带为侵入接触关系,上半部分和下半部分的岩性呈镜像对应。对该岩席上半部分的5个岩相带分别进行了显微镜观察、粉晶X-射线衍射分析和CSD分析,表明相邻岩相带的矿物组成和结构参数具有明显区别,揭示该岩席由4、5次岩浆脉动组装而成。各岩相带均具有显微斑状结构,其中1～4岩相带的斑晶矿物主要为角闪石、云母和Ti-Fe氧化物,第5岩相带的斑晶为白云母、钾长石和石英。此外,第3岩相带还含有大颗粒单斜辉石斑晶,第4岩相带含有方解石大斑晶。含水矿物呈斑晶产出表明所有岩相带都是挥发分(H2O+CO2)饱和或过饱和岩浆固结的产物,但各岩相带的岩浆具有不同的来源。根据斑晶(循环晶)矿物组合、定量化结构参数和参数变异趋势,推测拉拉岩席之下曾经存在3～5个位于不同深部水平上的岩浆房。这些岩浆房有不同成分的进化岩浆充填,可能富集了相应的成矿金属。当深部含矿流体输入该岩浆系统时,有可能引起骨牌效应,导致各种含矿流体大规模释放。拉拉矿区的这类岩席可能对成矿物质起到了屏蔽作用,使其大规模聚集形成超大型矿床。需要注意的是,拉拉岩席的富矿岩相带侵位时间最晚,类似于攀枝花铁矿。因此,拉拉岩席的成岩成矿模式有可能也适应于攀枝花式铁矿。     

Elastic constants of single-crystal Pt measured up to 20 GPa based on inelastic X-ray scattering: Implication for the establishment of an equation of state

Phonon velocities and densities for Pt were measured based on inelastic X-ray scattering from ambient pressure to 20 GPa in order to independently determine its equation of state (EOS). Phonon velocities were determined with sine dispersion relations. C_ij values were obtained by fitting phonon velocities and densities to the Christoffel equation. We found that the obtained C_ijs were in good agreement with previously reported C_ijs at ambient condition. Based on the C_ij values in various conditions, experimental pressures were calculated. The EOS of Pt as a primary pressure scale was determined based on the experimental pressures. We report K’ = 5.17 with fixed K_T = 274.1 GPa and V₀ = 60.360 ų for Vinet EOS. Our scale is in good agreement with several previously published scales based on shock experiments and XRD.     

两种晶粒大理岩的力学性质研究

矿物结构是影响岩石力学特性的根本因素。对晶粒0.5～1 mm细晶微风化大理岩和晶粒0.2～0.5 mm粉晶风化大理岩,进行了超声波测试和单轴、常规三轴压缩试验。粉晶大理岩晶粒尺度较小,滑移界面较多,粘接强度稍有变化就显著影响变形,即单轴压缩强度离散性较小而杨氏模量离散性较大,杨氏模量是细晶大理岩的1/3 左右,而单轴压缩强度仅低20 %。细晶大理岩的杨氏模量与围压无关,粉晶大理岩的杨氏模量随围压而增大,但进入延性变形阶段后两种大理岩的三轴强度完全相同。岩样的剪切破坏角都是随围压增大而减小,最后达到Coulomb准则确定的数值。在较高围压下,试样的承载极限与应力路径、材料强度以及内部的缺陷关系不大。晶粒的摩擦决定了大理岩的强度、变形特性。     

前兆区域台网中心数据整理软件

“前兆区域台网中心数据整理软件”是应广东省区域前兆台网中心的工作需要而研发的,其功能包括监控日（月）报、压缩包、电报码文件、省局数据汇集,数据入库,日志系统．备忘和辅助系统。软件满足了前兆值班工作的需求,提高了工作效率。     

Magmatic processes revealed by textural and compositional trends in Merapi dome lavas

Syn-eruptive degassing of volcanoes may lead to syn-eruptive crystallization of groundmass phases. We have investigated this process using textural and compositional analysis of dome material from Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia. Samples included dome lavas from the 1986–88, 1992–93, 1994 and 1995 effusive periods as well as pyroclastic material deposited by the November 1994 dome collapse. With total crystallinities commonly in excess of 70% (phenocrysts+microlites), the liquids present in Merapi andesites are highly evolved (rhyolitic) at the time of eruption. Feldspar microlites in dome rocks consist of plagioclase cores (Ab₆₃An₂₉Or₈) surrounded by alkali feldspar rims (Ab₅₃An₅Or₄₂), compositional pairs which are not in equilibrium. A change in the phase relations of the ternary feldspar system caused by degassing best explains the observed transition in feldspar composition. A small proportion of highly vesicular airfall tephra grains from the 1994 collapse have less evolved glass compositions than typical dome material and contain rimless plagioclase microlites, suggesting that the 1994 collapse event incorporated less-degassed, partially liquid magma in addition to fully solidified dome rock.As decompression drives volatile exsolution, rates of degassing and resultant microlite crystallization may be governed by magma ascent rate. Microlite crystallinity is nearly identical among the 1995 dome samples, an indication that similar microlite growth conditions (P_H2O and temperature) were achieved throughout this extrusive period. However, microlite number density varied by more than a factor of four in these samples, and generally increased with distance from the vent. Low vent-ward microlite number densities and greater microlite concentrations down-flow probably reflect progressively decreasing rates of undercooling at the time of crystal nucleation during extrusion of the 1995 dome. Comparison between dome extrusion episodes indicates a correlation between lava effusion rate and microlite number density, suggesting that extrusion slowed during 1995. Crystal textures and compositions in the 1992–93 and 1994 domes share the range exhibited by the 1995 dome, suggesting that transitions in crystallization conditions (i.e., rates of undercooling determined by effusion rate) are cyclic.     

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川东北飞仙关组白云岩岩石结构演化

根据矿物结晶学理论,白云石可按照晶体大小和晶边形貌划分为不同的结构,其结构的演化主要受原岩化学组成、岩石结构和白云岩化流体的影响。白云岩原岩可分为不同化学组分的泥灰岩和含颗粒泥灰岩,泥灰岩可细分为成分均匀的和含溶孔、胶结物的泥灰岩;含颗粒泥灰岩可细分为未接受任何改造的、发生溶蚀胶结作用的和发生泥晶化等作用的含颗粒泥灰岩。以川东北飞仙关组白云岩为例,在不同浓度的白云岩化流体条件中,讨论不同结构白云岩岩石的演化。结果表明：泥晶化及溶蚀作用是白云石岩石结构演化和形成的基础;大多数鲕粒白云岩在低浓度白云岩化溶液中形成;糖粒状白云岩为外来高浓度的白云岩化流体改造形成。