Tip-tilt requirements for coupling starlight into single-mode photonic crystal fibres using a lenslet: A first analysis

Single-mode fibres do not suffer from modal noise and are available in polarisation maintaining form. Single-mode photonic crystal fibres (smPCF) have a wavelength insensitive mode field allowing coupling of the telescope exit pupil into the fibre using a lenslet with a flat spectral response. This may allow single-mode Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) and fibre fed integral field spectro-polarimetry. Initial results from a theoretical analysis of telescope/smPCF coupling using a lenslet are presented. Coherent imaging theory is used to determine the coupling efficiency into the fibre and thence the fibre numerical aperture is defined and used to compute the sample size on the sky. A higher degree of tip-tilt correction is shown to be required for coupling into single-mode fibres with a lenslet than the multimode fibre alternative, for sparse sampling integral field and multi-object spectroscopy and interferometry, but the magnitude of which is within the scope of current NIR and planned (extreme) VIS AO systems. Extension of the model to contiguous integral field spectroscopy is also considered.     

K-H3OFe3(SO4)2(OH)6铁矾的XRD研究

根据X射线衍射(XRD)分析发现: A Fe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆(A=K⁺、H₃O⁺)系列铁钒的XRD数据十分相近,难以用XRD区别,需通过能谱(EDS)辅助分析,才能区分此类铁矾。另外,此类铁矾的003和107面网间距d随K⁺含量增大而增大,且呈一元三次方程的关系;而033和220面网间距d随K⁺含量增大而减小,呈一元二次方程的关系。对该现象从铁矾晶体结构方面进行解释:K⁺、H₃O⁺离子位于较大空隙中,且沿着Z轴方向排列,当K⁺、H₃O⁺离子之间相互替换时,会导致该铁矾晶体结构在Z轴方向有较明显的变化。     

热硫化条件下铁硫比值对黄铁矿形成的影响

模拟火山喷气成矿作用,在热硫化条件下,系统考察反应物中铁硫比值从Fe∶S=1∶1至1∶8变化对黄铁矿形成的影响。运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉晶衍射分析(XRD)等测试手段,观测和分析实验产物的形貌、成分和结构特征,发现随着Fe∶S比值的减小,实验产物中黄铁矿逐渐增多,磁黄铁矿逐渐减少,同时Fe∶S比值对实验产物的形貌也有一定的控制作用。计算结果显示实验产物中黄铁矿晶粒尺寸的变化范围为42.543~63.799 nm,磁黄铁矿晶粒尺寸的变化范围为21.973~87.926 nm,黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿的晶胞体积变化较小。结合热力学计算结果分析认为,在热硫化条件下,当Fe∶S比值小于或等于磁黄铁矿中铁硫原子比时,反应生成磁黄铁矿;当Fe∶S比值超过磁黄铁矿中铁硫原子比时,实验产物中出现黄铁矿;当Fe∶S比值达到或超过黄铁矿中铁硫原子比时,反应主要生成黄铁矿。过硫条件有利于黄铁矿的生长,硫源越充足,实验产物中黄铁矿越多。     

静水生长的淡水湖冰微结构的季节变化及其受生长过程的影响

冰物理微结构特征控制着冰层基本物理性质。基于多年冬季对东北平原区水库和湖泊冰层生消过程、气象条件,以及冰层晶体、冰内气泡和密度特征的现场观测,分析了淡水湖冰微结构的季节演化和年变化规律及其影响因素。湖冰晶体结构、气泡含量与分布、冰密度具有明显的分层结构,且在冰厚增长期和稳定期内基本维持不变;进入融化期,冰内微结构变化迅速,表现为晶体边界融化、气泡体积扩展和融水迁移。不同年份、不同湖泊冰晶体类型和气泡形态类似,但各类晶体层厚度比例、气泡含量与尺寸存在差异。统计分析显示,晶体和气泡结构与湖冰生长速率关系密切,晶体粒径与生长速率呈正比,水内气体的产生和溶解过程、水体扰动程度的差异影响着气泡含量同生长速率之间的关系。     

单轴压缩下非饱和黏土动态力学性能试验研究

黏土作为一种松散多孔材料,其波阻抗较低,采用传统分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置进行单轴压缩试验时,存在透射信号弱、应力不平衡等问题。针对以上问题,提出利用石英压电晶体测定试样的应力并监测试样两端的应力平衡,采用入射波整形技术,考察应变率、含水率对非饱和黏土动态力学性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,非饱和黏土试样的单轴抗压强度与应变率及含水率的关系密切,强度随着应变率的提升而上升,但随着含水率的提升而下降。通过对试验结果的分析,分别提出单轴抗压强度与含水率及应变率之间的关系式,并通过拟合确定参数,拟合结果较好。     

双能CT彩色编码技术对痛风患者尿酸盐沉积的应用价值研究

目的:探讨双源双能量CT(DECT)彩色编码技术对痛风患者不同临床时期尿酸盐结晶与血尿酸的关系,进而评估双能CT成像在痛风筛查中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析120例高尿酸血症或痛风患者的双能CT成像特点及临床资料,根据临床分期分为两组,男92例,女28例;对照组为非痛风患者30例,男26例,女4例。所有患者手、足均行DECT非增强扫描,薄层重组后将原始数据传至MMWP工作站选择Dual Energy GOUT软件,进行影像后处理,比较痛风患者两期尿酸盐沉积的差异与尿酸值相关性,以及DECT检测尿酸盐沉积部位与临床评估的差异。采用t检验、χ2检验、Fisher精确概率进行统计学分析。结果:三组性别及年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P_年龄=0.236,P_性别=0.613,P>0.005)。高尿酸组尿酸盐沉积量明显高于尿酸正常组,两组有显著统计学意义(P=0.000,P<0.001);痛风组检出率与对照组相比,差异有显著统计学意义(P=0.000,P<0.001)。结论:DECT成像技术对尿酸盐结晶沉积有很好的显示能力,对高尿酸血症、痛风早期、疑似痛风患者均有较高的检出率,可作为痛风筛选的常规检查项目,具有较高的临床应用价值。      

台站钟差对地震精确定位的影响

对地震编目工作中遇到的影响地震精确定位的台站钟差问题进行了分析。通过准确识别台站钟差并对其原因进行探讨,提高了地震编目产出数据的准确性。     

Characteristics of the genetic mineralogy of pyrite and its significance for prospecting in the Denggezhuang gold deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China

This paper reports the variation rules for the typomorphic parameters of the pyrite and the gold enrichment rules of the Denggezhuang quartz vein gold deposit at a large-depth scale,providing the mineral signs for deep prospecting prediction through detailed study of the characteristics of crystal' habits,chemical composition,the thermoelectricity of pyrites,and mineralogical mapping.This paper primarily discusses the correlation between the mineralization intensity and the space-time evolution of the mineralogical parameters,clarifies the physicochemical conditions during gold mineralization,and provides information useful for deep mineralization prediction.We demonstrate that the crystal habits of the pyrites are very complex,primarily occurring as {100},{210},and their combinate form.{210} and {100}+{210} have positive correlations with gold mineralization,and {100}+{210} therefore can be useful for locating rich ore segments.The composition of pyrites is characteristically poor in S and rich in As.Their typical trace elements are composed of Mo,As,Pb,Cu,Bi,Zn,Au,Co,Se,Sb,Ag,Ni,Cr,and Te.The average contents of trace elements in pyrites from various stages show that the crystallizing temperature gradually decreased from an early stage to the metallogenic episodes.The precipitation and accumulation of Au and Ag occur primarily in the quartz-pyrite stage(III) and the polymetal minerals stage(IV).The occurrence rate of P-type pyrites(P(%)) is 83.52%.There is a larger dispersion of the thermoelectrical coefficient of pyrite(α) in the Denggezhuang gold deposit than in other deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula.The electrical conductivity assemblage of pyrites from I to V is characterized by P≥N→PN→PN→PN→P≥N,which is usually considered beneficial for mineralization.The relative contents of As+Sb+Se+Te and Co+Ni are closely correlated to P-type and N-type average values and their occurrence rates.According to the crystallizing temperature of pyrite,the mineralization intensity,and the denudation degree,the mineralization temperature of the Denggezhuang gold deposit is in the range of 150–322℃ and is of a medium-low temperature.The orebody has already become denuded to the top-middle of the orebody,and the size of the orebody is larger than 900 m.Based on the vertical zoning of the thermoelectrical coefficients of pyrites and P-type pyrite mapping,it is suggested that the segment between ?425 and ?800 m may have exploration potential to the northeast of line 94 of the No.I2-2 orebody.     

Enhanced alignment of plate ice crystals in a non-uniform electric field

An atmospheric electric field exerts a torque on both column and plate ice crystals. Columns tend to align along the direction of the field. One diameter of plate crystals also aligns parallel to a field, while a non-uniform diverging field leads to further orientation and proscribes a secondary orientation along the direction of least divergence. A laboratory investigation treats the electrical orientation of thin plate ice crystals in a non-uniform field as a two-step process. In the model, the average field provides the primary torque and aligns one diameter of the plate crystal while simultaneously a spatially varying component of the field aligns the perpendicular diameter. The first element of the process, the primary torque, has been investigated previously. The complete reorientation, caused by a secondary torque, is investigated herein. Experimentally a stronger field with sufficient non-uniformity is required to demonstrate the secondary torque. The realignment caused by this torque depends also on the strength of the aerodynamic torques on the falling ice crystals. Experiments in a laboratory cold chamber with small thin plate crystals in an electric field provided by a charged rod demonstrate crystal reorientation by changing the reflections of a beam of white light. A model incorporating electrical torques is applied to the laboratory observation and used to investigate the possibility of the effects occurring in the atmosphere. Fields near lightning strokes, which are strong but of short duration, may reorient small crystals. Larger crystal aggregates like planar snowflakes are governed by the same electrical torques. It is suggested that the secondary torque realignment might be observable for aggregates large enough to be detected by radar in cases pertaining to weaker but longer duration fields associated with cloud electrification. A simplification of the model is used to investigate electrically caused crystal motion and linear aggregation, with applications to the atmosphere and to lightning initiation.     

Torrential rainfall responses to ice microphysical processes during pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China

In this study,the effects of key ice microphysical processes on the pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China during 3-8 June 2008 were investigated.A series of two-dimensional sensitivity cloud-resolving model simulations were forced with zonally uniform vertical velocity,zonal wind,horizontal temperature,and water vapor advection data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/Global Data Assimilation System(GDAS).The effects of key ice microphysical processes on the responses of rainfall to large-scale forcing were analyzed by comparing two sensitivity experiments with a control experiment.In one sensitivity experiment,ice crystal radius,associated with depositional growth of snow from cloud ice,was reduced from 100 μm in the control experiment to 50 μm,and in the other sensitivity experiment the efficiency of the growth of graupel from the accretion of snow was reduced to 50% from 100% in the control experiment.The results show that the domain-mean rainfall responses to these ice microphysical processes are stronger during the decay phase than during the onset and mature phases.During the decay phase,the increased mean rain rate resulting from the decrease in ice crystal radius is associated with the enhanced mean local atmospheric drying,the increased mean local hydrometeor loss,and the suppressed mean water vapor divergence.The increased mean rain rate caused by the reduction in accretion efficiency is related to the reduced mean water vapor divergence and the enhanced mean local hydrometeor loss.