Late Quaternary sea‐level change and evolution of Belfast Lough,Northern Ireland: new offshore evidence and implications for sea‐level reconstruction

The interplay of eustatic and isostatic factors causes complex relative sea‐level (RSL) histories, particularly in paraglacial settings. In this context the past record of RSL is important in understanding ice‐sheet history, earth rheology and resulting glacio‐isostatic adjustment. Field data to develop sea‐level reconstructions are often limited to shallow depths and uncertainty exists as to the veracity of modelled sea‐level curves. We use seismic stratigraphy, 39 vibrocores and 26 radiocarbon dates to investigate the deglacial history of Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland, and reconstruct past RSL. A typical sequence of till, glacimarine and Holocene sediments is preserved. Two sea‐level lowstands (both max. ?40 m) are recorded at c. 13.5 and 11.5k cal a bp . Each is followed by a rapid transgression and subsequent periods of RSL stability. The first transgression coincides temporally with a late stage of Meltwater Pulse 1a and the RSL stability occurred between c. 13.0 and c. 12.2k cal a bp (Younger Dryas). The second still/slowstand occurred between c. 10.3 and c. 11.5k cal a bp . Our data provide constraints on the direction and timing of RSL change during deglaciation. Application of the Depth of Closure concept adds an error term to sea‐level reconstructions based on seismic stratigraphic reconstructions.     

Reflections on the history of research on large wood in rivers

Dynamics and functions of large wood have become integral considerations in the science and management of river systems. Study of large wood in rivers took place as monitoring of fish response to wooden structures placed in rivers in the central United States in the early 20th century, but did not begin in earnest until the 1970s. Research has increased in intensity and thematic scope ever since. A wide range of factors has prompted these research efforts, including basic understanding of stream systems, protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems, and environmental hazards in mountain environments. Research and management have adopted perspectives from ecology, geomorphology, and engineering, using observational, experimental, and modelling approaches. Important advances have been made where practical information needs converge with institutional and science leadership capacities to undertake multi-pronged research programmes. Case studies include ecosystem research to inform regulations for forest management; storage and transport of large wood as a component in global carbon dynamics; and the role of wood transport in environmental hazards in mountain regions, including areas affected by severe landscape disturbances, such as volcanic eruptions. As the field of research has advanced, influences of large wood on river structures and processes have been merged with understanding of streamflow and sediment regimes, so river form and function are now viewed as involving the tripartite system of water, sediment, and wood. A growing community of researchers and river managers is extending understanding of large wood in rivers to climatic, forest, landform, and social contexts not previously investigated. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

干旱内陆河流域地表水地下水联合调度研究进展

地表水-地下水联合调度是解决干旱内陆河流域水资源短缺的一个有效途径,对干旱区水资源优化配置具有重要意义.以地表水地下水联合调度内涵为基础.分析了干旱内陆河地表水-地下水联合调度模式的国内外研究现状.对地表水地下水联合调度的研究方法进行了评价并指出存在的不足之处,展望了地表水与地下水联合调度的研究趋势.指出在未来地表水-地下水联合调度中应加强与气象学、生态学等多学科交叉研究.探讨内陆河水资源高效利用模式和基于生态健康和环境发展的内陆河环境需水定值方法与阈值.开发内陆河地表水地下水联合调度信息系统和管理模式.指出综合水循环组成部分的集成模型是地表水-地下水联合调度模型发展的必然趋势.     

HOUGH变换在海浪遥感图像处理中的应用

本文提出了一种以FIOUGH变换为基础的海浪波长波向分析法,并对SEASAT合成孔径雷达获取的海洋遥感图像进行了方向和波长分析。该方法模拟人类纹理视觉机理,首先应用CFCM动态聚类方法对波峰、波谷和过渡带进行分类,然后采用随机行走模型对分类图像进行滤波,以获得整图的全局走向信息,再以此先验信息为先导对分类后的纹理图像进行定向跟踪拟合,得到代表海浪波峰的直线族图,最后在再对此图进行HOUGH变换和分析的基础上得到精确的波长与波向。     

FY2海面温度产品质量检验方法与误差分析

主要介绍了风云二号静止气象卫星海面温度产品的质量检验方法及检验流程,给出了FY2E业务海面温度产品和FY2F海面温度算法的质量检验结果,并从误差统计、反演算法、系统设计等方面分析了目前FY2海面温度产品与国外卫星海面温度产品差异大的原因。现场海面温度质量检验和分析场海面温度交叉检验各有优缺点。现场海面温度质量检验能够对FY2 SST产品给于客观的评价。国外分析场海面温度具有时效性好、全球覆盖且质量均一的优点,分析场海面温度交叉检验能满足FY2 SST质量检验的时效性,是对FY2 SST的相对检验。通过静止卫星海面温度产品质量检验信息可以为产品研发人员和相关用户提供参考。     

影响华南汛期持续性强降水年际变化的大气环流和海温异常

利用1961—2017年中国地面观测站日降水资料、全球大气多要素和海表温度月资料,分析华南区域持续性强降水过程的气候特征,诊断并比较与华南前汛期、后汛期区域持续性强降水年际变化相关的大气环流和海表温度异常特征。结果表明,3—12月华南都可能出现持续性强降水过程,其中汛期4—9月的占了94.4%。伴随着区域持续性强降水的年际变化,华南本地垂直上升运动显著异常是前汛期和后汛期的共同点,但前汛期、后汛期在华南及周边环流异常、水汽输送来源以及海温异常分布等方面都存在一定差异。在前汛期华南区域持续性强降水偏重年,赤道西太平洋区域海温偏低,由于大气罗斯贝波响应使西太平洋副热带高压偏强,热带西太平洋向华南区域水汽输送加强,从而有利于区域持续性强降水偏重。后汛期华南区域持续性强降水偏重年的海温异常分布是赤道中东太平洋区域正异常、东印度洋至西太平洋暖池区负异常,海温异常通过西北太平洋副热带高压、南海热带季风强度、水汽输送和垂直环流等多方面,导致后汛期区域持续性强降水偏重。      

渤海叶绿素 a 浓度与环境因素的响应关系研究

基于 2003－2018 年的遥感反演和再分析数据, 分别在时域和频域上分析了渤海海表面温度、光合有效辐射、气溶 胶厚度、风速与叶绿素 a 浓度之间的响应关系。通过傅里叶变换在频域上得到各因素之间的相关性系数, 其显著高于直接在 时域上计算得到的相关性系数, 表明由于相位差的影响, 直接在时域进行相关性分析很可能会低估各因素之间的相关性。傅 里叶变换后的频谱图显示, 叶绿素 a 浓度存在一年、半年、4 个月与季节周期; 风速与气溶胶厚度存在明显的一年和半年周 期; 海表面温度和光合有效辐射具有明显的一年周期, 半年周期较其他几个因素不明显。交叉谱分析的结果表明： 叶绿素 a 浓度和所选的环境因子都在一年周期下具有最大的交叉振幅, 表明在此频率下响应最大; 风速、气溶胶厚度、光合有效辐射 分别超前于叶绿素 a 浓度约 5.0 个月、0.2 个月、0.2 个月, 海表面温度则滞后 1.9 个月。各环境因子之间相互关联, 共同影 响叶绿素 a 浓度的时间分布。     

深海原位取芯钻机作业机理分析及实验研究

针对深海运载器海底岩芯原位取样作业需求,对基于水下运载器的深海原位取芯钻机在深海低温、高压、底层流速多变等特点条件下的作业机理及受力进行分析,并选取硬质合金钻头和PDC钻头进行了取芯钻头的轴向力、切向力和切削功率的数学力学对比计算,确定了单环四齿周向均布的金刚石复合片(PDC)钻头设计方案。在理论分析基础上,针对深海钴结壳设计了台架试验,开展钻进试验研究。通过理论计算和实验研究,探寻了一种基于深海运载器的钴结壳小型钻机设计方法,确定了钻机功率、转速、钻进正向压力和取芯率等基本参数选取范围,对开展海底岩芯原位取样作业具有重要的指导意义。     

大兴安岭岩石圈地幔特征——哈拉哈河-绰尔河橄榄岩捕虏体的证据

大兴安岭哈拉哈河-绰尔河第四纪火山岩中含有尖晶石相和石榴石相橄榄岩捕虏体.本文报道的尖晶石相橄榄岩包括方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩两类,前者分布数量略高于后者.方辉橄榄岩多数具有较高的平衡温度(1072～1193℃),矿物化学成分变化大,含有高Mg橄榄石和高Cr#尖晶石,这些特征一致表明是古老岩石圈地幔残余的样品.而二辉橄榄岩显示相对均一的矿物化学成分和很宽的平衡温度变化范围(636～1178℃),代表了明显受到改造的岩石圈地幔,可能反映岩石圈地幔的不同深度和局部经历了软流圈与岩石圈相互作用.通过与华北克拉通的对比,发现地处兴蒙造山带的大兴安岭岩石圈地幔中仍保留有相当量的古老岩石圈地幔残余,区别于遭受强烈改造和破坏的华北克拉通东部地区的岩石圈地幔.