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151.
不同林龄人促更新林枯枝落叶层碳及养分贮量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对福建南平顺昌县不同林龄米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)人促更新林枯枝落叶层和主要营养元素现存量进行测定,探究其随林龄的变化趋势。结果表明:不同林龄米槠人促更新林枯枝落叶层现存量为3.94~4.95 t·hm-2,其中49 a生人促林枯枝落叶层现存量最小,31 a生的最大。不同林龄枯枝落叶层C、N、P、K的浓度分别为44.09%~47.46%,11.9~13.8 g·kg-1,0.5~0.9 g·kg-1,1.4~5.1 g·kg-1。21 a生和49 a生人促更新林枯枝落叶层C浓度明显高于31 a生林分。49 a生人促更新林枯枝落叶层N和P浓度均高于21 a生和31 a生林分,但该林分枯枝落叶层K浓度却最低。21 a生米槠人促更新林枯枝落叶层C贮量分别是31 a生和49 a生林分的1.03倍和1.23倍,49 a生米槠人促更新林K贮量远低于21 a生和31 a生。不同林龄枯枝落叶层碳和养分贮量差异与林分特征、各林分枯枝落叶层现存量及养分浓度等有关。 相似文献
152.
Zhong Zhaozhan Zhao Jubao Institute of Agrometeorology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing People''s Republic of China 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(4)
I.IntroductionDrylandcoverslargeareasinnorthernChinawithaboutonethirdofthecountry’stotalfarmlands,amongwhichrainfedfarmlandwithoutirrigationcovers2.3(107hm2.TherearethreekindsofdryfarmingareasinnorthernChina[9],i.e.subhumidandslightdryarea(aridity1.31.6,annualpr… 相似文献
153.
154.
Assessing crop yield and crop water productivity and optimizing irrigation scheduling of winter wheat and summer maize in the Haihe plain using SWAT model 下载免费PDF全文
Haihe plain is an important food production area in China, facing an increasing water shortage. The water used for agriculture accounts for about 70% of total water resources. Thus, it is critical to optimize the irrigation scheduling for saving water and increasing crop water productivity (CWP). This study first simulated crop yield and CWP for winter wheat and summer maize in historical scenario during 1961–2005 for Haihe plain using previously well‐established Soil and Water Assessment Tool model. Then, scenarios under historical irrigation (scenario 1) and sufficient irrigation (scenario 2) were, respectively, simulated both with sufficient fertilizer. The crop yield in scenario 2 was considered as the potential crop yield. The optimal irrigation scheduling with sufficient fertilizer (scenario 3) was explored by iteratively adjusting irrigation scheduling based on the scenario 1 and previous studies related to water stress on crop growth. Results showed that net irrigation amount was, respectively, reduced 23.1% and 18.8% in scenario 3 for winter wheat and summer maize when compared with scenario 1. The CWP was 12.1% and 8.2% higher with very slight change of crop yield. Using optimal irrigation scheduling could save 8.8 × 108 m3 irrigation water and reduce about 16.3% groundwater over‐exploitation in winter wheat growth period. The corresponding yield was 18.5% and 12.9% less than potential yield for winter wheat and summer maize but using less irrigation water. Therefore, it could be considered that the optimal irrigation was reasonable, which provided beneficial suggestions for increasing efficiency of agricultural water use with sustainable crop yield in Haihe plain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
155.
In this article, we estimated the alpha parameter of the Priestley–Taylor model under rain‐fed conditions. This study was conducted in an oat crop, from 7 September to 22 October 2009, in a region of subhumid plains (Tandil, Argentina). An energy balance station was installed within the experimental field to monitor its development. The alpha parameter value obtained was 1.41 ± 0.01, which led to an overestimation of the evapotranspiration of just 2% and a relative error in estimating evapotranspiration of 8%. The results suggest that the alpha parameter obtained is adequate in estimating the evapotranspiration of oat crops or similar crops in subhumid plains of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
156.
作物系数是计算作物蒸散量的关键参数。利用2006—2008年和2011年辽宁锦州玉米农田生态系统的涡度相关、气象、作物发育期及叶面积指数观测数据,分析不受水分胁迫条件下玉米逐日作物系数特征及其与叶面积指数的关系。研究表明:作物系数与玉米农田实际蒸散均呈单峰型变化,约在7月末至8月初达到最大值 (玉米开花吐丝期)。在此基础上,建立了不受水分胁迫条件下玉米逐日作物系数与叶面积指数关系 (达到0.01显著性水平), 同时,采用积温表示的标准化生育期方法模拟相对叶面积指数,并建立了逐日作物系数与相对叶面积指数关系 (达到0.01显著性水平),解决了无叶面积观测地区玉米逐日实际蒸散量的计算。研究结果可为玉米农田用水管理以及灌溉措施的制定提供参考。 相似文献
157.
158.
Qin Wenhan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,9(1):78-86
Using data on leaf area density and wind profiles above and within canopies of wheat,rice,soybean and corn,thecenter-of-pressure method (CPM),originally proposed by Thom (1971),is first validated in the field.Aphysically-based model for directly calculating zero-displacement height (d) is derived.The comparison between thefriction velocity (u_*) estimated with CPM and that with eddy correlation technique shows that CPM not only works wellin the field,but also produces more steady and accurate estimates of aerodynamic parameters (which are hardly affectedby atmospheric thermal stability),than those with the widely-used log-profile fitting method in diabatic atmosphere.The results presented in this paper also demonstrate that the ratios of d,z_0 to crop height h usually vary with canopy ar-chitecture,atmospheric stratification and turbulent exchange intensity,and are not just constants as commonly assumedor used.d/h raises with an increase of relative height of the maximum foliage layer and wind extinction coefficientwithin the canopy.Only for crops with short stem and moderate foliage density,can the relations d= 0.64h,z_0=0.08hkeep stable.In addition,for long stem crops or sparse canopies,the fairly large shear stress at the soil surface and the va-riation of the exponent in the relationship between drag coefficient and wind speed undoubtedly influence the accuracyof CPM to a certain extent. 相似文献
159.
旱作物利用地下水的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
本文依据南通农水试验站的实验资料,统计分析旱作物(小麦、棉花)利用地下潜水量的规律,阐述在发展节水灌溉农业中,应考虑旱作物利用地下水量的问题。 相似文献
160.