Systematic assessment of irregular building–soil interaction using efficient modal analysis

In this paper an efficient methodology applying modal analysis is developed to assess systematically the combined soil–structure interaction and torsional coupling effects on asymmetric buildings. This method is implemented in the frequency domain to accurately incorporate the frequency‐dependent foundation impedance functions. For extensively extracting the soil–structure interaction effects, a diagonal transfer matrix in the modal space is derived. A comprehensive investigation of asymmetric building–soil interaction can then be conveniently conducted by examining various types of response quantities. Results of parametric study show that the increasing height‐to‐base ratio of a structure generally amplifies its translational and torsional responses. Moreover, both the translational and torsional responses are reduced for the case where the two resonant frequencies are well separated and this reduction is enhanced with the decreasing values of the relative soil stiffness and the height‐to‐base ratio. The most noteworthy phenomenon may be the fact that the SSI effects can enlarge the translational response if the structure is slender and the two resonant frequencies are very close. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从前陆盆地充填地层分析盆山耦合关系

根据前陆盆地充填地层分析盆地和造山带的耦合关系，研究区域包括四川中生代前陆盆地和鄂尔多斯中生代前陆盆地。研究表明，前陆盆地和造山带具有较好的耦合关系。前陆盆地充填沉积物特征是造山带形成演化和盆地沉降的响应。向上变粗的沉积序列以及地层不整合盆地方向的迁移反映了造山带向前陆不断隆升的演化过程，前陆盆地沉积物的岩石学特征反映了双物源供给和造山带的剥蚀。层序地层的体系域构成和地层堆积方式主要受控于前陆盆地沉降速度的变化。     

Space–time distribution of interplate moment release including slow earthquakes and the seismo-geodetic coupling in the Sanriku-oki region along the Japan trench

Along the Japan trench where some Mw8 class interplate earthquakes occurred in the past century such as the 1896 Sanriku tsunami earthquake (M6.8, Mt8.6, 12×10²⁰ N m) and the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw8.2, 28×10²⁰ N m), the Pacific plate is subducting under northeast Japan at a rate of around 8 cm/year. The seismic coupling coefficient in this region has been estimated to be 20–40%. In the past decade, three ultra-slow earthquakes have occurred in the Sanriku-oki region (39°N–42°N): the 1989 Sanriku-oki (Mw7.4), the 1992 Sanriku-oki (Mw6.9), and the 1994 Sanriku-oki (Mw7.7) earthquakes. Integrating their interplate moments released both seismically and aseismically, we have the following conclusions. (1) The sum of the seismic moments of the three ultra-slow earthquakes was (4.8–6.6)×10²⁰ N m, which was 20–35% of the accumulated moment (18.6–23.0)×10²⁰ N m, in the region (39°N–40.6°N, 142°E–144°E) for the 21–26 years since the 1968 Mw8.2 Tokachi-oki earthquake. This is consistent with the previous estimates of the seismic coupling coefficient of 20–40%. On the other hand, the sum of the interplate moments including aseismic faulting is (11–16)×10²⁰ N m, leading to a “seismo-geodetic coupling coefficient” of 50–85%, which is an extension of the seismic coupling coefficient to include slow events. (2) The time constants showed a large range from 1 min (10² s) for the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake to 10–20 min (10³ s) for the 1896 Sanriku tsunami earthquake, to one day (10⁵ s) for the 1992 Sanriku-oki ultra-slow earthquake, to on the order of one year (10⁷ s) for the 1994 Sanriku-oki ultra-slow earthquakes. (3) Based on the space–time distribution, three “gaps of moment release,” (40.6°N–42°N, 142°E–144°E) 39°N–40°N, 142°E–143°E) and (39°N–40°N, 142°E–144°E), are identified, instead of the gaps of seismicity.     

滑坡危险度区划研究述评

滑坡危险度区划是滑坡研究发展到一定深度所提出的新课题。到目前为止，我国既无统一的滑坡危险度评价理论体系，也无统一的滑坡危险度区划制图方法。因此，该项工作异常薄弱，这是造成预防不及时，措施不力，从而导致广泛、严重滑坡灾害的原因之一。滑坡危险度区划的主要目的是：①建立标准化评价体系；②滑坡信息库；③评价区域滑坡的危险性；④提供标准化危险度区划图件；⑤减灾防灾的决策依据。文章对此问题的研究动态评述基础上。提出了危险度区划的内涵和研究目标。     

基尼系数在地震预报中的应用

将数理经济学中基尼系数的概念引入到地震学中，研究地震活动在空间的集中程度。通过对1970－1979年中国大陆地区6．5级以上地震震例研究，总结出了初步的判断异常的方法和指标，并就1988－1990，1994－1996年全国发生的6级以上地震的地点进行了展望性检验，对应率在64％－76％之间。该方法对地震地点的中期预报有一定的意义。     

Momentum transfer at the ocean–atmosphere interface: the wave basis for the inertial coupling approach

 The inertial coupling approach for the momentum transfer at the ocean–atmosphere interface, which is based on the assumption of a similarity hypothesis in which the ratio between the water and air reference velocities is equal to the square root of the ratio between the air and water densities, is reviewed using a wave model. In this model, the air and water reference velocities are identified, respectively, with the spectrally weighted phase velocity of the gravity waves and the Stokes velocity at the water roughness length, which are evaluated in terms of the dimensionless frequency limits in Toba's equilibrium spectrum. It is shown that the similarity hypothesis is approximately satisfied by the wave model over the range of wave ages encountered in typical sea states, and that the predicted values of the dimensionless surface drift velocity, the dimensionless water reference velocity, and the Charnock constant are in reasonable agreement with observational evidence. The application of the bulk relationship for the surface shear stress, derived from the inertial coupling hypothesis in general circulation modeling, is also discussed. Received: 6 January 2001 / Accepted: 28 June 2001     

广东地区断裂安全度的计算

以准静态非稳定地震模型为理论依据，采用二维有限元方法与正交设计法，联合反演本世纪以来广东省及其邻近地区的５次强震活动对断裂安全度的影响。进行探讨潜在的地震危险区。结果表明，断裂安全度下降剧烈特别是安全度接近为零的地区具有较大的危险性。阳江地震以后，广东东部的几条北西断裂安全度数值较低，最近期地震危险最突出的地段。此外，珠江三角洲南侧的北东东向断裂与北西向断裂的交汇处也具有一定的潜在地震危险。     

观测深度对断层气（氡、汞）测量的影响

本文根据武山实验点1m、３m、5m三个深度的断层气Ｒn、Hg时值资料采用多元逐步回归分析方法，深入讨论了断层气测量中的干扰,重点研究了深度对断层气Rn、Hg测量的影响。结果表明：随着深度的增加，气象因素对断层气Rn,Hg测量的干扰减小，测量的可靠性测量；从Rn,Hg在垂直方向上的分布看，断层气Hg随着观测深度的增加含量增高，Rn的含量主要受岩性控制，与深度关系不密切。     

岩石可爆性的效果测度分级

应用效果测量分析方法，可在完成岩石可爆性相对分级的同时，也完成了岩石可爆性的系统因素分析，是一种计算简捷快速、应用灵活、适用性强的信息数据分析方法。