变形监测网合适参考系的确定与稳定性分析

基于秩亏自由网平差原理,提出了一套变形监测网数据处理与稳定性分析的理论与流程,解决了多期观测数据参考系稳定权阵的确定问题,利用平均间隙法原理,对监测网点进行了稳定性分析。通过计算实例说明了其可行性。     

DSQ水管仪标定问题的讨论

为使DSQ水管仪灵敏度保持一致,保证仪器的长期稳定性和工作精度,仪器格值的定期标定就显得尤为重要。本文将对仪器的标定过程、性能指标、调整技巧及注意事项进行分析总结,以保证仪器运行的稳定性和可靠性。     

Globalization,economic crisis and Africa's informal economy women workers

The processes of globalization and debt crisis led to dramatic changes in African countries. In the context of a new economic crisis – now on a global scale – it is useful to revisit debates regarding the impact of earlier policies in response to economic crisis on the poor, with a focus on very low‐income informal women workers. In this paper, we adopt a gender analysis framework to examine contending perspectives about the differential impacts of globalization, liberalization and structural adjustment programs on African women and men. We comment on two predominant schools of thought that appear to underlie and define the majority of case studies situated in African countries. While one asserts that globalization and liberalization offer entrepreneurial opportunities for women, an opposing view contends that the neoliberal political and economic reforms connected with structural adjustment policies have been devastating for poor women workers. A review of available empirical research on the responses of informal economy women workers to challenges of increased workload, reduced income and curtailed access to social services, cautions against dogmatic adherence to conceptual perspectives that either assume workers in the informal economy to be dynamic entrepreneurs when they cannot be, or condemn only contemporary policies for conditions that are the product of complex historical processes.     

种植结构调整对区域水循环的影响分析

种植结构调整目前是我国大中型灌区节水改造的一个重点.区域大幅度的种植结构调整势必导致农作物耗用水量发生剧烈变化,由此引发区域水循环运移过程和转换通量发生变化,对区域用水和水资源赋存及形成过程产生深刻影响.应用水循环模型,对宁夏平原区实施种植结构调整下的区域水循环过程、经济系统与生态系统的耗水变化进行模拟分析,研究表明:...     

现代农业产业体系中冀西北农业结构调整的思考

现代农业产业体系是以特定的农产品市场需求为导向,以相应的农产品生产部门为中心,由相关的产业环节、多条产业链关联交织构成的网状复合经济系统.建立在农产品比较优势基础上的农业与农产品竞争优势,是现代农业产业体系的根本特征.具体体现在在生产要素、需求条件、相关产业和支持产业、现代产业组织四个方面.现代农业产业体系中的农业结构...     

基于国际比较的中国原材料工业发展诊断

新世纪以来中国进入新一轮的重化工业加速发展期,原材料工业得以快速发展。“十二五”是中国从工业化中期向工业化后期转变的过渡时期,原材料工业将进入新的发展阶段。通过原材料工业发展的国际比较,发现中国原材料工业在规模、结构、布局、竞争力等方面存在的差距和面临的问题。随着工业化的阶段性转变,借鉴国际原材料工业的发展经验,结合新时期的新挑战,中国原材料工业将进入由规模扩张转向结构调整和升级以及注重增长方式发展的转变时期。     

天津市水资源足迹趋势预测与动态调节

为解决区域水资源相对不足的问题,以天津市为例,从水足迹视角,根据其实际情况,综合运用自上而下和自下而上两种算法,从生产用水(第一产业、第二产业、第三产业)、生活用水、生态用水和污水排放等方面计算了2004—2009年水资源足迹情况,并运用精度较高的拟合函数对其未来几年水资源足迹量、人口数量分别进行了趋势预测,从而得到天津市人均水资源足迹处于下降趋势的结论,并针对这种趋势(2015年将降至617m3),建议从调整产业用水结构、转变虚拟水贸易策略、优化产品消费结构、提高三大产业污水排放达标率、建立水足迹定期监控和预警机制等方面进行动态调节。     

�롪ѹ����Ϲ��Ƽ����ڲ���ƽ���е�Ӧ��

???????????Stein??????????????????????????????????????????????Gauss-Markov?????δ???????????μ???????????????????????????CRS?????????????????????Stein????????????д?????????????????????????????????????????o?Pitman??????????????????????????????о??????????????????????Stein???????????????????????????б????й?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

ADJUSTMENT FACTORS AND ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURE

1　IntroductionFor 40 yearsprofessorZhouJiangwenpayedat tentiontoadjustmentfactor,whichplaysanimpor tantroleinadjustmentstructure.However,until1 992theinvestigationsandexplorationsindetailswerepublishedonlyinChinese[1 - 3] .Themaincon clusionsareasfollows,“theadjustmentfactorsinma trixformsrepresentthenatureoftheadjustmentstructure,andanindicatoroftheoverallevaluationofthequality”,“promotingdirectapplications”[2 ] .Theauthoragreeswiththeaboveconclusions,andalsopromotestheirdirectapplicat…     

起算数据误差对平差结果的影响和检验

当起算数据误差较大时，应顾及它们对平差结果的影响。探讨了在起算数据误差Δλ的数学期望Ｅ（Δλ）≠０的情况下，非基准起算数据误差对未知参数平差值和单位权中误差估值的影响，同时讨论了非基准起算数据误差的检验方法。