基于决策到决策路径的遗传算法软件测试用例设计

测试用例生成优劣是软件测试自动化效率高低至关重要的一点,常用的随机测试用例自动生成方法虽然实现简单,但具有效率低、冗余大的缺点,而遗传算法适合于处理传统方法难以解决的非线性问题。为了提高测试效率、降低测试成本,通过分析测试用例自动生成和遗传算法的基本理论,在面向决策到决策路径的软件测试基础上,利用程序控制流图详细阐释了对基于遗传算法的测试用例自动生成技术的设计。通过与随机法自动用例生成进行试验对比,表明其效率至少是随机法10倍。     

饱和砂土液化特性的可视化试验研究

针对目前散粒体液化细观机制研究的局限性,对C.K.C型动态三轴仪进行改进,研制了可用于研究散粒体细观组构特征的动三轴可视化试验系统。利用该系统对循环荷载作用下标准砂的颗粒运动规律及细观组构特征进行初步探讨,从颗粒的运动规律、定向性、配位数和孔隙率等细观角度分析了循环荷载作用下饱和砂土发生液化的细观机制,认为液化的发生是土体在循环荷载作用下颗粒不断运动、重新排列的结果,指出颗粒长轴方向、配位数和孔隙率等细观组构参量是反映循环荷载作用下饱和砂土液化宏观响应的重要参量     

基桩低应变法三维干扰最小点位置的影响因素及确定方法

通过工程实测信号和数值模拟分析,证明了瞬态集中荷载敲击下,桩顶三维干扰速度信号的强度沿径向先递减后递增,存在干扰最小点,并对比了不同学者提出的干扰最小点位置处的信号。参数分析表明,三维干扰最小点的位置与桩径、桩长、荷载脉宽、桩身混凝土弹性模量、土层剪切波速及土层泊松比等桩、土参数几乎无关,但与桩身混凝土泊松比密切相关,且泊松比越大,干扰最小点的位置越靠近桩中心。给出了干扰最小点位置与桩身混凝土泊松比之间的函数表达式,可方便应用于实际工程。     

分量应变和体应变可靠性检验及特殊事件影响对比分析

对泰安台不同类型钻孔应变仪的产出资料进行研究,分析分量应变仪的自检可靠性及其与体应变资料的相关性,以及在抽水干扰情况下的相关性。RZB-3仪两组互相正交的分量应变之和S1+S3、S2+S4的自检相关性达到0.999 9,其与体应变的相关性达到0.998以上。但在抽水干扰情况下,S1+S3、S2+S4自检相关性及与体应变的相关性均较差。     

钻孔灌注桩侧摩阻力试验研究及修正计算

确定桩侧极限摩阻力的大小,目前工程上广泛采用的是以经验方法为主,辅以检测桩试验数据分析,得到的结果往往存在误差。通过静载试验以及应力测试对桩侧摩阻力的发挥模式进行分析,并结合工程实例针对桩侧摩阻力的计算提出了相应的修正系数。     

THE “HIDDEN'’POPULATION: WASHINGTON ALLEY DWELLERS IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY∗

Though urban planning issues continue to be created largely by local problems, urban theorists have become sensitive to the indirect modifying effects of federal urban policy on the local land-use structure. Federal tax policies on income derived from multifamily real estate appear to have generated excessive apartment construction during the 1968–73 period in Minneapolis-St. Paul suburbs. The consequence of these policies is evident in high multifamily suburban vacancy rates for Twin City apartments built during this period.     

Quantifying septic nitrogen loadings to receiving waters: Waquoit Bay,Massachusetts

Abstract

Waquoit Bay, a shallow bay on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, is exhibiting symptoms of eutrophication, largely attributed to septic nitrogen inputs. This study assessed septic nitrogen inputs by linking a three-dimensional ground-water model, a geographic information system (GIS), and a customized spatio-temporal nitrogen loading program. Owing to the slow speed of ground-water movement, the bulk of septic nitrogen entering the bay lags behind development by nearly a decade. Even if residential development is held at 1989 levels, nitrogen input from septic systems wilt increase by 36% over the current levels. At full residential build-out (i.e., development), septic nitrogen loading will eventually increase to more than twice the current levels.     

Introducing scale parameters for adjusting area objects in GIS based on least squares and variance component estimation

In this paper, a least‐squares based cadastral parcel area adjustment in geographic information systems (GIS) is developed based on (1) both the areas and coordinates being treated as observations with errors; and (2) scale parameters being introduced to take the systematic effect into account in the process of cadastral map digitization. The area condition equation for cadastral parcel considerations of scale parameters and geometric constraints is first constructed. The effects of the scale error on area adjustment results are then derived, and statistical hypothesis testing is presented to determine the significance of the scale error. Afterwards, Helmert's variance component estimation based on least‐squares adjustment using the condition equation with additional parameters is proposed to determine the weight between the coordinate and area measurements of the parcel. Practical tests are conducted to illustrate the implementation of the proposed methods. Four schemes for solving the inconsistencies between the registered areas and the digitized areas of the parcels are studied. The analysis of the results demonstrates that in the case of significant systematic errors in cadastral map digitization, the accuracies of the adjusted coordinates and areas are improved by introducing scale parameters to reduce the systematic error influence in the parcel area adjustment. Meanwhile, Helmert's variance component estimation method determines more accurate weights of the digitized coordinates and parcel areas, and the least‐squares adjustment solves the inconsistencies between the registered areas and the digitized areas of the parcels.     

永安地磁台的勘选与建设

介绍地磁台建设中场地勘选、建设方案以及材料的选择与检测、磁场梯度监控的一些方法.实践证明,永安地磁台的台址堪选与建设满足地磁台站建设规范的技术要求,说明方法切实有效,可以为其他地磁台站的新建、改造提供参考.     

基于LabVIEW的预应力孔道压浆质量检测仪的软件设计

本文提出了一种预应力孔道压浆质量检测仪的硬件方案,在此基础上介绍了基于LabVIEW的仪器软件设计,重点讨论了软件实现的关键技术,实现了参数设置,多通道超声信号采集,文件管理等功能.软件界面友好,操作简单,适应仪器的野外工作,且升级维护方便.